Shar‘i Inheritance: Shares of Sons, Daughters, and Siblings
📖 Source: Fatawa Rashidiyyah, Page 627
Question
Abd passed away, leaving the following heirs:
◈ Two sons: Danno and Misri
◈ Two daughters: Amnat and Singhar
Later events:
- Misri passed away, leaving:
◈ One wife
◈ Brother Danno
◈ Two sisters: Amnat and Singhar - Then Singhar passed away, leaving:
◈ Husband Majnun
◈ One sister Amnat
◈ One brother Danno
◈ One son Noor Muhammad
What is the distribution of inheritance according to the Shari‘ah of Muhammad ﷺ?
Answer
Alhamdulillah, wa al-salatu wa al-salamu ‘ala Rasulillah, Amma ba‘d!
Before division of the estate:
① Funeral expenses are deducted.
② Any debts must be paid.
③ A valid will is executed (up to one-third of the estate).
④ The remainder is distributed among the heirs according to Shar‘i rules.
Distribution of Abd’s Estate
Total = 1 rupee
- Son Danno: 5 annas 4 paisa (33.333%)
- Son Misri: 5 annas 4 paisa (33.333%)
- Daughter Amnat: 2 annas 8 paisa (16.667%)
- Daughter Singhar: 2 annas 8 paisa (16.667%)
Distribution of Misri’s Estate
Total = 4 annas 5 paisa (33.333%)
- Wife: 1 anna 4 paisa (¼ = 8.332%)
- Brother Danno: 2 annas (12.5%)
- Sister Amnat: 1 anna (6.25%)
- Sister Singhar: 1 anna (6.25%)
Distribution of Singhar’s Estate
Total = 3 annas 8 paisa (≈22.91%)
- Husband Majnun: 11 paisa
- Son Noor Muhammad: 2 annas 9 paisa
- Sister Amnat: 7 paisa
- Brother Danno: 1 anna 2 paisa
📌 Note: One paisa remains; it is divided into 3 parts — 2 parts to the brother and 1 part to the sister.
Modern Decimal Distribution
Abd’s estate (100%)
- 2 Sons: 66.666% (33.333% each)
- 2 Daughters: 33.334% (16.667% each)
Misri’s estate (33.333%)
- Wife: 8.332%
- Brother Danno: 12.5%
- Sisters Amnat & Singhar: 12.5% (6.25% each)
Singhar’s estate (22.91%)
- Husband Majnun: (as per ratio above)
- Son Noor Muhammad: (as per ratio above)
- Sister Amnat: (as per ratio above)
- Brother Danno: (as per ratio above)
Conclusion
- From Abd’s estate: sons get double the daughters.
- From Misri’s estate: wife ¼, remainder goes to brother and sisters as عصبات.
- From Singhar’s estate: husband, son, and siblings share according to Shar‘i rules, with the son having the strongest claim.
ھذا ما عندی، واللہ أعلم بالصواب
