Oath on sale, fasting in silence, vow of disobedience, and prohibition of false oath

① Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه narrates, I heard the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم say:

الحلف منفقة للسلعة ممحقة للبركة

Taking oaths excessively causes the sale to be completed but the blessing is removed.

② Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah رضي الله عنه narrates that he heard the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم say:

إياكم وكثرة الحلف فى البيع فإنه ينفق ثم يمحق

Avoid taking excessive oaths during selling because it causes the goods to be sold but removes the blessing.

③ Sayyiduna Hakim bin Hizam رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:

البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا فإن صدقا وبينا بورك لهما فى بيعهما، وإن كتما وكذبا فعسى أن يربحا ربحا ما تيسر ويمحقا بركة بيعهما، اليمين الفاجر منفقة للسلعة ممحقة للكسب

Both parties in buying and selling have the option until they separate. If both speak the truth and disclose everything, their sale will be blessed. But if they conceal and lie, it is likely they will gain some benefit but the blessing will be removed. Similarly, a sale sealed with a false oath is completed but the blessing is removed.

① Sayyidina Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates, I mentioned to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him):

لا يتم بعد احتلام، ولا صمات يوم إلى الليل

After reaching puberty, there is no concept of orphanhood and remaining silent all day.

② Qais bin Abi Hazim narrates, Sayyidina Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) went to a woman named Zainab from the Ahmas tribe. He saw that she was not speaking. He (may Allah be pleased with him) asked what was wrong with her that she was not speaking? People told him that she intended to remain silent. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Speak, because this is not permissible, and this act is from the time of ignorance (Jahiliyyah). Then she started speaking.

① It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar رضي الله عنهما that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم forbade making vows. And he said:

إنه لا يأتى بخير وإنما يستخرج به من البخيل

It does not result in any good or benefit; through it, only wealth is extracted from a stingy person.

② It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha رضي الله عنها that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:

لا نذر فى معصية وكفارته كفارة يمين

There is no vow for disobedience; its expiation is the expiation of an oath.

③ Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin Aas رضي الله عنهما states, I heard the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم say:

لا نذر إلا فيما يبتغى به وجه الله تعالى، ولا يمين فى قطيعة رحم

A vow is only for that act by which the pleasure of Allah Ta’ala is sought, and there is no status for an oath regarding severing kinship ties.

① It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Masood رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:

من حلف على مال امرئ مسلم بغير حقه لقي الله وهو عليه غضبان

Whoever swears an oath to unjustly seize the wealth of a Muslim, he will meet Allah while He is displeased with him.
Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Masood رضي الله عنه said: Then the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم recited this verse from the Book of Allah عزوجل to confirm it:

﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾

Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their oaths for a small price.

② It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Umamah رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:

من اقتطع حق امرئ مسلم بيمينه حرم الله عليه الجنة، وأوجب له النار

Whoever seizes the right of a Muslim through his oath, Allah has forbidden Paradise for him and made Hellfire obligatory for him.
They asked, even if it is a small thing? He صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:

وإن كان قضيبا من أراك

Even if it is a branch of a twig.

③ Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab رضي الله عنه says that a Bedouin asked the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم: O Messenger of Allah! What are the major sins? He replied: Associating partners with Allah. He asked: Then what else? He said:
يمين غموس (Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab رضي الله عنه narrates), I asked: And what is (يمين غموس)? He replied:

الذي يقتطع مال امرئ مسلم يعني بيمين هو فيها كاذب

A person who, despite being a liar, seizes the wealth of a Muslim through an oath, such an oath is a “Yameen Ghamoos” (a deeply sinful oath).

④ Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Anis رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم mentioned the major sins and said:

وما حلف الحالف بالله يمين صبر فأدخل فيها مثل جناح بعوضة إلا جعلت نكتة فى قلبه إلى يوم القيامة

Whoever swears a false oath in the name of Allah and inserts something as small as a mosquito’s wing into it, a point is marked on his heart until the Day of Resurrection.

⑤ Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:

من حلف على يمين مصبورة كاذبا فليتبوأ مقعده من النار

Whoever swears a false oath, he prepares his abode in Hellfire.