Firt ermon
Brother in Ilam! On the occaion of the beginning of the new Hijri year, it eem appropriate that in today’ ermon we decribe the great event of the migration to Medina in ome detail becaue the Ilamic hitory begin with thi event. But before going into it detail, let u firt undertand what migration mean and what it virtue are in the Quran and Hadith?
Meaning of Migration
It i derived from “الھجرۃ” and “ھجر” which mean: to leave. The Arab ay:
’’ھاجر القوم من دار إلیٰ دار
meaning a certain people left one area and went to another area, jut a the Muhajir companion, may Allah be pleaed with them, left Makkah Mukarramah and went to Madinah Munawwarah.
And the command of the Almighty i: ﴿وَاھْجُرُوْھُنَّ فِیْ الْمَضَاجِعِ﴾
And leave them in their bed.
The legal definition of “الہجرۃ” ha been given by mot cholar a:
’’ ترك دار الکفر والخروج منہا إلیٰ دار الإسلام
meaning “to leave the land of dibelief and go to the land of Ilam.”
While Hafiz Ibn Hajar, may Allah have mercy on him, ha defined it a follow:
’’ الہجرۃ فی الشرع ترك ما نہی اللٰہ عنہ ‘‘
That i, in hariah, migration mean abandoning every act that Allah Almighty ha forbidden.
It i likely that Hafiz Ibn Hajar, may Allah have mercy on him, took thi definition of migration from the Hadith of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him:
(( المہاجر من ہجر ما نہی اللٰہ عنہ ))
’’A migrant i one who abandon what Allah Almighty ha forbidden.
From thi Hadith, it i undertood that “migration” include both internal and external migration. Internal migration mean that a peron abandon all thoe act which atan and the human elf embellih and preent before him. External migration mean that a peron move to a place where he can protect hi religion from dibelief and trial and can peacefully practice Ilamic teaching.
Imam Al-Izz ibn Abd al-alam, may Allah have mercy on him, ay:
’’ الھجرۃ ھجرتان : ہجرۃ الأوطان وہجرۃ الإثم والعدوان ، وأفضلہما ہجرۃ الإثم والعدوان ، لما فیہا من إرضائ الرحمٰن وإرغام النفس والشیطان ‘‘
Meaning: “There are two type of migration: leaving one’ homeland, and abandoning in and oppreion. The latter migration i uperior becaue it pleae the Mot Merciful and dicourage the elf and atan.”
Virtue of Migration
There are Quranic vere and Prophetic ahadith regarding the virtue and reward of migration. Firt, liten to ome Quranic vere.
➊ Allah Almighty ay:
﴿فَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَأُخْرِجُوا مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَأُوذُوا فِي سَبِيلِي وَقَاتَلُوا وَقُتِلُوا لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ثَوَابًا مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ حُسْنُ الثَّوَابِ﴾
“Thoe who have migrated and were expelled from their home and were harmed in My caue and fought and were killed, I will urely remove their mideed from them and urely admit them to garden beneath which river flow. That i the great attainment with Allah. And Allah ha the bet reward.”
➋ Allah Almighty ay:
﴿الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً عِندَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ ﴿٢٠﴾يُبَشِّرُهُمْ رَبُّهُم بِرَحْمَةٍ مِّنْهُ وَرِضْوَانٍ وَجَنَّاتٍ لَّهُمْ فِيهَا نَعِيمٌ مُّقِيمٌ ﴿٢١﴾ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ ﴿٢٢﴾
“Thoe who believe and emigrate and trive with their wealth and their live in the caue of Allah, they are of great rank with Allah, and it i they who are the ucceful. Their Lord give them glad tiding of Hi mercy and Hi pleaure and garden wherein they will abide eternally. Indeed, with Allah i a great reward.”
➌ imilarly, Allah ay:
﴿وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا فِي اللَّهِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا ظُلِمُوا لَنُبَوِّئَنَّهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً ۖ وَلَأَجْرُ الْآخِرَةِ أَكْبَرُ ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾
“Thoe who have endured patiently and emigrated in the caue of Allah, We will urely aign to them a better abode in thi world; and the reward of the Hereafter i greater, if only they knew.”
➍ He aid:
﴿ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِن بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جَاهَدُوا وَصَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِن بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ﴾
“Thoe who emigrated after being harmed and then fought and were patient. Indeed, your Lord, after that, i Forgiving and Merciful.”
➍ He aid:
Hafiz Ibn Kathir, may Allah have mercy on him, write in the exegei of thi vere:
“Thee were the people who were weak in Makkah and were conidered inignificant among their people. They endured many trial, then they were given the opportunity to ecape the tribulation through migration. o they bade farewell to their homeland, their familie, and their poeion olely for the pleaure of Allah and to attain Hi forgivene, and upon coming to Madinah Munawwarah, they joined the rank of the believer. Then they fought jihad againt the dibeliever and howed patience and pereverance. About them, Allah Almighty ay that after thee noble deed, Allah i urely the Forgiver of their in and the Mot Merciful to them on the Day of Reurrection.”
➎ The command of Allah Almighty i:
﴿وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلُوا أَوْ مَاتُوا لَيَرْزُقَنَّهُمُ اللَّهُ رِزْقًا حَسَنًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ ﴿٥٨﴾
“And thoe who emigrated for the caue of Allah and were then killed or died – Allah will urely provide for them a good proviion. And indeed, it i Allah who i the bet of provider.”
➏ He alo aid:
﴿وَمَن يُهَاجِرْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُرَاغَمًا كَثِيرًا وَسَعَةً ۚ وَمَن يَخْرُجْ مِن بَيْتِهِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا ﴿١٠٠﴾
“Whoever leave hi home for the ake of Allah will find many dwelling place on the earth and plenty of pacioune. And whoever depart from hi home for Allah and Hi Meenger, then death overtake him, hi reward i urely upon Allah. And Allah i Oft-Forgiving, Mot Merciful.”
The commentator have written in the interpretation of thi vere that it encourage migration, and Allah ha promied the peron who migrate for the pleaure of Allah that after leaving hi home, he will urely find many place of reidence on the earth where he can live peacefully and with pacioune. And if death overtake him during the migration, then urely Allah will not deprive him of reward and recompene.
Now, let u liten to ome Prophetic hadith regarding the virtue of migration.
➊ Hazrat Amr bin Al-A (may Allah be pleaed with him) narrated that when Allah Almighty intilled the love of Ilam in hi heart, he went to the preence of the Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and aid: O Meenger of Allah! Extend your hand, I have come to give you my pledge of allegiance. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) extended hi bleed hand, he withdrew hi hand. The Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him) aked the reaon, and he aid: Before pledging allegiance, I want to et the condition that Allah Almighty forgive my in. The Prophet (peace be upon him) aid:
(( أما علمت أن الإسلام یہدم ما کان قبلہ وأن الہجرۃ تہدم ما کان قبلہا،وأن الحج یہدم ما کان قبلہ ))
“Do you not know that Ilam erae previou in, migration wipe out pat mitake, and Hajj forgive previou hortcoming?”
➋ The Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him) aid to Hazrat Abu Fatimah Al-Damri (may Allah be pleaed with him):
(علیک بالہجرۃ فإنہ لا مثیل لہا)
“Indeed, you mut migrate, for there i no deed like it in reward and recompene.”
➌ The Prophetic aying i:
(أنا زعیم لمن آمن بی وأسلم وہاجر ببیت فی ربض الجنة،وبیت فی وسط الجنة،وبیت فی أعلٰی غرف الجنة…الحدیث )
“I guarantee a houe in the lowet level of Paradie, a houe in the middle level of Paradie, and a houe in the highet level of Paradie for the peron who believe in me, accept Ilam, and migrate.”
➍ Hazrat Abdullah bin Amr رضي الله عنه aid that once the Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم aked him:
( أتعلم أول زمرۃ تدخل الجنة من أمتی ؟)
“Do you know who among my Ummah will enter Paradie firt?”
He replied: Allah and Hi Meenger know bet.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) aid: “They will be the emigrant who will come to the gate of Paradie on the Day of Judgment and requet to have the gate opened. The angel guarding Paradie will ak them: Ha your account been ettled? They will ay: What account i there for u to ettle! We carried word on our houlder all our live in the way of Allah until death came to u.” Then the gate of Paradie will be opened for them, and they will enter it and take a nap forty year before other enter.
➎ Hazrat Jabir رضي الله عنه narrate that once Hazrat Tufail bin Amr al-Dawi رضي الله عنه came to the preence of the Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and offered that he hould come to the trong fortre of the Daw tribe where he would be protected. But the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم rejected thi offer becaue thi honor wa meant for the Anar of Madinah. Then, when the Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم migrated to Madinah Munawwarah, Hazrat Tufail bin Amr al-Dawi رضي الله عنه and another peron from hi tribe alo migrated and reached Madinah Munawwarah, but the climate of Madinah did not uit them. Hazrat Tufail bin Amr al-Dawi رضي الله عنه’ companion fell ill and became ditreed. One day, uddenly, he took a harp intrument and cut off all hi finger, cauing hi hand to bleed, and he died. After that, Hazrat Tufail bin Amr al-Dawi رضي الله عنه aw him in a dream that he wa in very good hape and appearance but hi hand were covered. He aked him: What treatment did your Lord give you? He replied: Becaue of migrating toward the Noble Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم, Allah Almighty ha forgiven me. He aked: Why are your hand covered? He replied: I wa told that what you yourelf have poiled, we will not fix.
Hazrat Tufail bin Amr al-Dawi رضي الله عنه narrated thi dream to the Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم, and he aid:
(( اللٰھم ولیدیہ فاغفر))
“O Allah! Forgive hi hand a well.”
➏ Hazrat Abu aeed Al-Khudri (may Allah be pleaed with him) narrate that the Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him) aid:
(( إن فقراء المہاجرین یدخلون الجنة قبل أغنیائہم بمقدار خمس مائة سنة))
“The poor emigrant will enter Paradie five hundred year before the rich emigrant.”
➐ Hazrat Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-A (may Allah be pleaed with both of them) tate that one day we were itting with the Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him) when the un roe. Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) aid:
(( سیأتی ناس من أمتی یوم القیامة نورہم کضوء الشمس))
“On the Day of Reurrection, ome people from my Ummah will come whoe light will be like the light of the un.”
We aked: O Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him)! Who will thoe people be? He (peace be upon him) replied: “The poor emigrant.”
Dear repected one! You have litened to the Quranic vere and Prophetic hadith regarding the virtue of migration. urely, from thee, you mut have undertood the value and tatu of migration in the ight of Allah and it poition in Ilam!
Migration will remain until the Day of Judgment
The command of migration did not end after the conquet of Mecca; rather, it remain and continue until the Day of Judgment.
The honorable aying of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) i:
(( لا تنقطع الہجرۃ حتٰی تنقطع التوبة ، ولا تنقطع التوبة حتٰی تطلع الشمس من مغربہا))
“Migration will not ceae until the door of repentance i cloed, and the door of repentance will not be cloed until the un rie from the wet.”
And a far a the hadith ( لا ہجرۃ بعد الفتح ) “There i no migration after the conquet of Mecca” i concerned, it mean that when Mecca became part of Dar al-Ilam after it conquet, then migrating from Mecca to Madinah ha no meaning. That i why the Prophet (peace be upon him) negated migration after that. However, thi doe not mean at all that the command of migration wa completely abolihed.
Wherea Imam Nawawi, may Allah have mercy on him, ha given another explanation, which i that the virtue of Hijrah before the conquet of Makkah, and the way Mulim endured oppreion and hardhip and migrated in a very ditreed tate, that virtue ended after the conquet of Makkah becaue after the conquet of Makkah, Ilam became dominant and Mulim became trong and powerful. Wherea before the conquet of Makkah, they were oppreed and extremely weak. Therefore, according to thi Hadith, that pecial virtue of Hijrah ended after the conquet of Makkah; however, generally, the command of Hijrah remain and will continue until the Day of Judgment.
Hijrah in the Life of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
In the early day of Ilam, the Companion of the Prophet, may Allah be pleaed with them, who accepted Ilam were ubjected to evere oppreion and variou punihment and torture by the people of Makkah. uch punihment that jut imagining them end chill down the pine and make the heart tremble. The Mulim were weak and the dibeliever were powerful; the weak Mulim endured everything for the ake of Ilam. Eventually, the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, permitted migration. Thu, during the bleed life of the Prophet, three migration took place:
➊ The firt migration to Abyinia: Thi occurred in the fifth year of prophethood. Twelve men and four women walked to the eahore, where they rented a boat and entered Abyinia, where they were treated like honored guet.
➋ The econd migration to Abyinia: The Mulim who had migrated to Abyinia for the firt time received new that the people of Mecca had accepted Ilam. Accordingly, many of them returned to Mecca, but upon arrival, they found that the new wa fale. Therefore, they and many other Mulim migrated again to Abyinia. Their number exceeded 80.
➌ Migration to Medina
The event of the migration to Medina occurred in the following order.
The firt pledge of allegiance of the people of Medina at Aqabah
The bleed habit of the Holy Prophet ﷺ wa that during the Hajj eaon, he would meet variou tribe who had come to Makkah and invite them to Ilam. Accordingly, in the eleventh year of prophethood during the Hajj eaon, ix people from the people of Yathrib accepted Ilam. When thee individual returned to Yathrib (Medina Munawwarah), they introduced Ilam to the people there and informed them of it virtue. Conequently, the following year, that i the 12th year of prophethood, twelve people from Medina Munawwarah came to Makkah and pledged allegiance to the bleed hand of the Prophet ﷺ at the place called Aqabah in Mina.
The condition of thi pledge wa narrated by one of thee twelve individual, Hazrat Ubadah bin amit (RA). He aid that the Meenger of Allah ﷺ aid:
“Take the pledge from me that after you reach Medina, you will protect me in every matter jut a you protect your wive and your children.”
After thi pledge, the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ ent Hazrat Mu’ab bin Umair رضي الله عنه along with thee twelve individual to Madinah Tayyibah, who became the firt caller to Ilam. Upon reaching Madinah Munawwarah, he joined Hazrat A’ad bin Zararah رضي الله عنه and together they pread the invitation to Ilam with great enthuiam, reulting in many people embracing Ilam. Eventually, there wa no houehold in Madinah Tayyibah where at leat one peron had not accepted Ilam. The mot intereting event of their invitation i the acceptance of Ilam by Hazrat aad bin Mu’adh رضي الله عنه, Hazrat Uayd bin Hudair رضي الله عنه, and their entire tribe (Bani Abdul Ahhal), which i recorded in the book of eerah.
Hazrat Mu’ab bin Umair (RA) tayed in Madinah Munawwarah for about a year and continuouly invited people toward Ilam. Then, before the Hajj eaon of the 13th year of the Prophethood, he returned to Makkah Mukarramah and gave the glad tiding of the people of Madinah accepting Ilam to the Meenger of Allah (AW).
It hould be noted that Hazrat Mu’ab bin Umair (RA) i the companion of the Prophet who wa martyred in the Battle of Uhud. When the time came for hi hrouding and burial, the companion (RA) narrated that they found only one mall hroud for him, which wa o mall that if hi head wa covered, hi feet would remain uncovered, and if hi feet were covered, hi head would remain uncovered. When the Meenger of Allah (AW) wa informed of thi ituation, he aid: “Cover hi head and place leave of Azkhar (gra) on hi feet.”
The econd Pledge of the People of Madinah at the Place of Aqabah
During the 13th prophetic year, more than eventy Mulim from the people of Yathrib came to Makkah to perform the rite of Hajj. One thought wa contantly on their mind: how long would the Meenger of Allah, peace be upon him, continue to be tormented in the mountain of Makkah? Accordingly, after ecret communication between them and the Meenger of Allah, peace be upon him, it wa agreed that they would meet him at the place of Aqabah in the middle of the day of Tahreeq. Thu, 73 men and two women from the people of Yathrib met the Meenger of Allah, peace be upon him, under the cover of night. With him wa hi uncle, Hazrat Abba bin Abdul Muttalib, may Allah be pleaed with him, who had not yet embraced Ilam at that time. They began the converation firt and aid:
O people of Khazraj! You know the poition of Muhammad (peace be upon him) among u. And you alo know how we have protected him. He i honored among hi people and completely afe in hi city. But he init on coming to you. Therefore, if you can protect him, that i good, and you mut fulfill your reponibility, but if you intend to digrace him, then let him go today becaue he i till afe among hi people.”
Upon thi, Hazrat Ka’b (may Allah be pleaed with him) aid with great confidence:
“We have heard your word, now O Meenger of Allah! You decide for yourelf.”
Thee word clearly indicated that the people of Yathrib were fully prepared to fulfill their reponibility toward the Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him), o they gave the pledge of allegiance on hi hand.
Regarding the word of allegiance, in Munad Ahmad, there i a narration from Hazrat Jabir رضي الله عنه in which the Companion رضي الله عنهم aked: O Meenger of Allah! On what hould we pledge allegiance to you? He صلى الله عليه وسلم aid: “You pledge allegiance to me on the following:
➊ You will liten to and obey me in both time of eae and hardhip.
➋ You will pend in both properity and poverty.
➌ You will enjoin good and forbid evil.
➍ You will rie for the ake of Allah and will not care for the blame of any blamer regarding it.
➎ And when I come to you, you will help me and protect me a you protect your own live, your wive, and your children. Remember! In return, there i Paradie for you.”
After that, all the Mulim pledged allegiance one by one. After the pledge, the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ appointed twelve individual among them a leader who were reponible for practically implementing thi agreement.
The Beginning of Migration
After the econd pledge of the people of Yathrib at the place of Aqabah, the path for the Mulim to migrate toward Madinah Munawwarah wa opened, becaue the people of Yathrib had already made a pact to acrifice their live and wealth for the religion of Ilam and had taken upon themelve the reponibility to upport the Meenger of Allah ﷺ and hi oppreed companion in every way. The oppreed Mulim of Makkah now aw a peaceful Ilamic homeland, but reaching there wa not o eay, becaue the polytheit of Makkah had alo reolved not to allow them to leave Makkah. However, Allah, the Lord of Glory, had decided to deliver the oppreed Mulim from oppreion and to make Ilam victoriou, and o what Allah had decreed came to pa.
The Mulim began their migration, leaving their ancetral homeland, their dear relative, and their poeion, and et out for Medina Tayyiba. The polytheit of Mecca placed variou obtacle in their path and ubjected them to oppreion and violence. But depite the oppreion, violence, and obtacle, the Mulim continued to migrate one after another. And only two month and a few day had paed after the Pledge of Aqabah when Mecca became empty of Mulim, except for the Meenger of Allah ﷺ, Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleaed with him) and hi family, and Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleaed with him), who were till preent in Mecca. imilarly, thoe Mulim whom the polytheit had forcibly detained in Mecca were alo unable to migrate.
The Meenger of Allah ﷺ wa alo ready for migration but wa waiting for the permiion from Allah Almighty.
It i narrated from Hazrat Aiha (may Allah be pleaed with her) that the Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him) aid to the Mulim:
“I have been hown in a dream the city to which you have to migrate; it ha many date palm tree and i located between two land with black tone.”
Accordingly, many Mulim migrated toward Madinah Munawwarah, even thoe who had migrated to Abyinia returned and went toward Madinah Munawwarah. Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleaed with him) alo prepared for Madinah Munawwarah, but the Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him) aid to him: “Wait for now, perhap I will alo be permitted to migrate.” Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleaed with him) aid: “May my father be acrificed for you, do you hope for that?” He aid: “Ye.” o Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleaed with him) tayed back to migrate with the Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him). They prepared the mount well for thi journey.
Meeting of the Qurayh Parliament at Dar al-Nadwa
When the polytheit of Mecca aw that Mulim were leaving Mecca one after another and heading toward Medina, they became very worried, becaue they knew that Muhammad (peace be upon him) wa a highly influential peronality and hi companion were embodiment of patience and courage. They were ready to acrifice everything at hi command. They alo knew the geographical importance of Medina! Medina wa located on their trade route, and they realized that if Medina became the center of the Mulim, their trade interet could face eriou threat. Therefore, to prevent thee danger, the polytheit held a hitoric meeting in the Dar al-Nadwa, where the chief of all the Qurayh tribe gathered and began to deliberate on how to face uch a great challenge that threatened their very exitence. Thoe attending thi meeting included Abu Jahl, Jubayr bin Mut’im, Utbah, haybah, Abu al-Bakhtari, and Umayyah bin Khalaf, among other. Before the proceeding of thi meeting had even begun, Ibli arrived at the door of Dar al-Nadwa in the form of an old heikh. The Qurayh chief aked him: Who are you? He aid: I am a heikh from the people of Najd. I heard that you are gathering for an important deciion, o I thought I would alo attend thi meeting; perhap I can give you ome important advice!
They gave him permiion, and he went inide and at down. The meeting proceeding began, and variou propoal againt Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and hi companion, may Allah be pleaed with them, tarted to be dicued.
◄ One propoal wa put forward that Muhammad (ﷺ) hould be exiled, but the Najdi heikh (Ibli) rejected it.
◄ Then another propoal wa preented that he (ﷺ) hould be chained and the door cloed on him, and then wait for hi death, but Ibli alo rejected thi.
◄ Finally, the greatet criminal Abu Jahl propoed a uggetion on which everyone agreed, and Ibli alo upported it. He aid:
My opinion i that we elect one trong and honorable young man from each tribe, then give each one a harp word, then they all go together to him and finih hi work with a ingle trike,
thi way our live will be aved and hi blood will be divided among all the tribe. Banu Abd Manaf will be unable to fight all of them and will agree to pay blood money. o we will all collectively pay them the blood money.
The Najdi heikh (Ibli) greatly praied thi opinion and all the member of the parliament endored it and declared it immediately obligatory, and the meeting wa adjourned.
The Migration of the Meenger of Allah ﷺ
When the cruel plan to kill the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ wa finalized, Angel Jibreel (Gabriel) decended and informed him about it and told him that Allah Almighty had permitted him to migrate. Therefore, do not leep on your bed tonight.
Accordingly, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ went to the houe of Hazrat Abu Bakr iddiq (may Allah be pleaed with him) and finalized the lat plan for migration.
Hazrat Aiha رضي الله عنها narrated that we were itting in the houe of Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه at noon, when uddenly omeone informed Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه, “Look! The Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم i coming wrapped in a cloak.” Although the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم had never come to u at thi time before, Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه aid:
“My parent be acrificed for you, O Meenger of Allah! You are coming at thi time only due to ome important matter.”
Then the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم arrived, ought permiion to enter the houe, and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه granted it, o he came inide. The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم aid: “end the other people who are with you to another room.” Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه aid: “My parent be acrificed for you, O Meenger of Allah! Thee are your own houehold member!” The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم aid: “I have been granted permiion to migrate.”
Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه aid: May my parent be acrificed for you, O Prophet ﷺ, hall I alo migrate with you? The Prophet ﷺ aid: “Ye.” Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه aid: Then take one of thee two mount. The Prophet ﷺ aid: “Alright, but I will take thi mount for a price.”
Hazrat Aiha رضي الله عنها ay: Then we quickly prepared the travel proviion for both and placed them in one bag. Hazrat Ama bint Abi Bakr رضي الله عنها cut a part of her belt and tied the mouth of the bag. That i why he wa called “Dhat an-Naṭāqayn” (the one with the two belt).
After that, the Prophet ﷺ went to hi houe and waited for the night to come.
The iege of the Houe of the Meenger of Allah ﷺ
Meanwhile, the criminal of Quraih did not find peace throughout the day and kept making plan to implement the deciion made in the “Houe of orrow.” For thi purpoe, they elected eleven young men, including Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab, and Umayyah bin Khalaf, among other. Thee devil beieged the houe of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) a oon a night fell and waited for him to leep o that they could attack him all at once and finih him off. When midnight had paed, the moment of deciion arrived. The criminal were certain that after today, there would be no trace left of Muhammad (peace be upon him) and hi follower. But Allah, the overeign of the heaven and the earth, who doe whatever He will, i dominant, and no power can overcome Him. The Divine command i:
﴿وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ ۚ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّهُ ۖ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَاكِرِينَ ﴿٣٠﴾
“And remember when the dibeliever plotted againt you to imprion you or kill you or exile you. They were planning, but Allah wa planning. And Allah i the bet of planner.”
o, at the very moment of deciion, the Meenger of Allah ﷺ aid to Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib رضي الله عنه:
“Wrap yourelf in my cloak and leep on my bed, and do not worry; nothing will harm you.”
After that, the Prophet ﷺ left the houe, took ome oil in hi fit, and prinkled a little oil on the head of each of the criminal tanding outide. Allah Almighty had taken away their ight, o they were unable to ee the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ recited thi vere from the Holy Quran a he paed among them:
﴿وَجَعَلْنَا مِن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ سَدًّا وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ سَدًّا فَأَغْشَيْنَاهُمْ فَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ ﴿٩﴾
“And We have put a barrier before them and a barrier behind them, and We have covered them, o they do not ee.”
Then the Meenger of Allah ﷺ went to the houe of Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه, and from there he took him along and reached the Cave of Thawr. The Cave of Thawr i toward Yemen from Makkah, not toward Madinah. Perhap the widom behind thi wa that when the dibeliever of Qurayh learned about your ﷺ migration, they would certainly purue you on the route leading to Madinah. Therefore, from the beginning of the journey, you ﷺ changed your direction to avoid them o that the dibeliever could not eaily follow you.
The Meenger of Allah ﷺ and Hazrat Abu Bakr iddiq رضي الله عنه in the Cave of Thawr
Both traveler reached the Cave of Thawr after travering a difficult and extremely challenging path in the darkne of night. Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه aked the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم to tay outide and went inide himelf. Upon entering, he cleaned it and aw a hole on one ide, o he tore a piece of hi cloak and covered it opening. There were till two more hole, in which he placed hi feet and then called the Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم to come inide. The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم came in, laid hi head in the lap of hi companion Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه, and fell aleep. During thi time, a poionou creature bit Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه’ foot, but he did not move at all for the comfort of the Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم. However, he could not hold back hi tear. A few tear alo fell on the face of the Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم. Upon thi, the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم woke up and aked the reaon for hi crying. He aid: May my parent be acrificed for you! omething ha bitten me. Then the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم got up and applied hi bleed aliva to the place where the poionou creature had bitten. Thi relieved the pain of Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه.
And Hazrat Aiha رضي الله عنها narrate that “Then the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه reached a cave located in Jabal Thawr. The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم tayed there for three night. At night, Hazrat Abdullah bin Abi Bakr رضي الله عنه would alo come to them; he wa an intelligent and undertanding young man. He would tay with the Qurayh during the day and carefully remember whatever new he heard about the Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم. Then, a night fell, he would reach the cave of Thawr and report everything to the Meenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم. At the time of ehri, he would leave the cave and return to Mecca, and the Qurayh thought that thi young man had pent the night in Mecca. Beide thi, Amir bin Fuhaira, who wa a ervant of Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه, would graze the goat during the day and, at evening, would drive the goat toward the cave of Thawr. He would offer the milk of the goat to the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه, and they would leave the place before the break of dawn.”
Qurayh at the entrance of the Cave of Thawr
After the Holy Prophet ﷺ left hi houe, a man paed by thoe criminal who had beieged the Prophet’ ﷺ houe. He aked them: Whom are you waiting for? They aid: Muhammad (ﷺ). He aid: You are digraced and have uffered lo! By Allah! He ha already left among you and he wa the one who threw dut on your head. o they tood up, duting the dut off their head, and what did they ee? Hazrat Ali (رضی اللہ عنہ) wa reting on the bed of the Meenger of Allah ﷺ. They waited for morning, and when Hazrat Ali (رضی اللہ عنہ) woke up, the criminal aked him about the Meenger of Allah ﷺ. He aid: I have no knowledge. The criminal beat him, but they could not obtain any information about the Holy Prophet ﷺ. Then they came to the houe of Hazrat Abu Bakr (رضی اللہ عنہ), knocked on the door, and Hazrat Ama bint Abi Bakr (رضی اللہ عنہما) came to the door. The criminal aked about Hazrat Abu Bakr (رضی اللہ عنہ), and he aid: I have no new about him. The oppreor Abu Jahl raied hi hand and lapped her, cauing the earring in her ear to fall down.
After that, the Qurayh urgently tightened ecurity on all the route leading out of Makkah Mukarramah and announced a huge reward of one hundred camel for anyone who would bring either the Meenger of Allah ﷺ or Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه alive or dead.
Thu, the Meenger of Allah ﷺ and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه were earched for very rapidly in the mountain, valley, cave, and treet. The tracker of the Qurayh became active on hore, camel, and on foot. While earching, they reached the mouth of the cave in which the Meenger of Allah ﷺ and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه were preent. Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه narrate that I wa itting in the cave beide the Meenger of Allah ﷺ, and when I raied my head, I aw the foottep of the people earching for u. I aid: O Prophet of Allah! If any one of them lower hi gaze, he will urely ee u.
Then the Meenger of Allah ﷺ aid:
(( یا أبا بكر،ما ظنك باثنین اللٰہ ثالثہما))
“O Abu Bakr! What do you think about the two with whom the third i Allah?”
Certainly, thi wa a miracle of the Meenger of Allah ﷺ that the enemy, even after coming within a few tep, could not harm him ﷺ in any way and returned defeated and frutrated.
The Divine command i:
﴿إِلَّا تَنصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا ۖ فَأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَىٰ ۗ وَكَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ﴿٤٠﴾
“If you do not aid them, Allah ha already aided them when thoe who dibelieved had driven them out, the econd of the two, when they were in the cave. When they aid to their companion, ‘Do not grieve; indeed Allah i with u.’ o Allah ent down Hi tranquility upon them and upported them with oldier you did not ee. And made the word of thoe who dibelieved the lowet, while the word of Allah – that i the highet. And Allah i Exalted in Might and Wie.”
On the way to Madinah Munawwarah
When the earch activitie for the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه in Makkah Mukarramah cooled down, the Prophet ﷺ prepared to depart for Madinah Munawwarah with hi companion. It wa previouly agreed with Abdullah bin Uraiqit Al-Laithi, who wa well aware of the route, that he would take two well-prepared camel on behalf of Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه and reach the Cave of Thawr, from where the journey to Madinah wa to begin. Accordingly, a promied, he reached the Cave of Thawr after three night. Thi caravan of migration, coniting of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه, their ervant Amir bin Fuhayrah, and their guide Abdullah bin Uraiqit, et out toward Madinah Munawwarah. The account of thi journey i narrated in ahih Bukhari.
Hazrat Ana رضي الله عنه narrate that “The Prophet of Allah ﷺ et out toward Madinah Tayyibah. He ﷺ had Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه eated behind him on hi mount. Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه wa old and recognizable, while the Meenger of Allah ﷺ wa young and not recognized. If omeone met Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه on the way, they would ak him: ‘Abu Bakr! Who i thi itting in front of you?’ Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه would reply: ‘He i guiding me on the path.’ The litener would think that perhap thi peron i guiding the way of the journey, wherea Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه meant that he wa guiding toward the path of goodne… During the journey, Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه looked back and uddenly realized that a horeman wa puruing them. He informed the Meenger of Allah ﷺ about it. The Prophet ﷺ looked back and, while upplicating againt him, aid: ‘O Allah! Overthrow him.'”
o the hore threw him down and neighed. The rider aid: O Prophet of Allah! Command me whatever you wih. The Prophet ﷺ aid: “tay in your place and do not let anyone purue u.” Hazrat Ana رضي الله عنه ay that thi horeman wa an enemy of the Prophet of Allah at the beginning of the day and by the end of the day became the protector of the Prophet ﷺ.
The tory of uraqa bin Malik رضي الله عنه in hi own word
In ahih Bukhari, there i a narration of Hazrat uraqa bin Malik رضي الله عنه that everal repreentative of the dibeliever of Quraih came to u and informed that Quraih had announced a heavy reward for the peron who would kill or capture alive the Meenger of Allah ﷺ and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه. One day, I wa itting in a gathering of my tribe Bani Mudlij, a man came and aid: I have jut een ome hadow on the eahore, I think they are Muhammad (ﷺ) and hi companion.
uraqa bin Malik رضي الله عنه ay: I realized that they were indeed them, but I told that man: No, they mut be omeone ele! Perhap you aw o-and-o peron who jut paed by here in front of u.
Then I at in the gathering for a while, after which I got up and upon reaching home, I ordered my ervant girl to take my hore and wait for me behind a hill. I took up my bow and went out from the back of the houe. Then I ran quickly to the hill where my ervant girl wa waiting for me. I mounted the hore and uddenly galloped it, until when I reached near them, my hore’ feet lipped and I fell down. I got up and took the arrow for divination out of my quiver, then I drew a lot to ee whether I could harm them or not. The lot came out ‘No.’ But I diobeyed thoe arrow and mounted the hore again. I came o cloe to them that I heard the recitation of the Meenger of Allah ﷺ, although he wa not looking back, while Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) wa repeatedly looking back. uddenly, my hore’ front leg ank into the ground up to the knee. I fell down and tarted colding the hore. The hore truggled hard to pull it leg out of the ground and tood up. With it leg, a duty moke roe toward the ky. o I drew the lot again and the ame reult came out a before. Now I called them peacefully, and they topped. I mounted the hore and reached them. A thought came to my heart that what ha happened to me today indicate that the command of the Noble Meenger ﷺ will urely prevail one day. I aid to them: Your people have announced a reward for killing or capturing you. Then I informed the Meenger ﷺ about thoe people and offered proviion and equipment, but he rejected it.
He jut aid: “Do not tell anyone about u.” I aked the Prophet ﷺ to write me a ign of afety. o the Prophet ﷺ ordered Amir bin Fuhaira to write it down. Accordingly, he wrote the word “Aman” (afety) on a piece of dyed leather for me. Then the Prophet ﷺ departed.
In the tent of Umm-e-Mu’bad
Imam Hakim, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated in Al-Mutadrak from Hiham bin Hubayh bin Khuwailid, may Allah be pleaed with him, that the caravan of the Hijrah of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, paed by two tent of Umm Ma’bad. Thi woman ued to feed and give drink to traveler. When the caravan of the Hijrah expreed a deire to buy meat and date from Umm Ma’bad, they found nothing with her. The Prophet, peace be upon him, aw a goat and aked Umm Ma’bad about it. Umm Ma’bad aid that thi goat i extremely tired and weak and ha fallen behind the herd of goat. The Prophet, peace be upon him, aked: Doe it give milk? Umm Ma’bad aid: No, it i very thin and weak! He aked permiion to milk it. he aid: May my parent be acrificed for you. If it ha milk, you may extract it. Then the Prophet, peace be upon him, troked it teat, aid Bimillah, prayed to Allah, and began to milk it. The goat’ teat filled with milk, and he tarted to pour the milk into a veel of Umm Ma’bad. The veel filled until the foam of the milk reached it brim. He firt gave milk to Umm Ma’bad, then to hi companion, and finally drank it himelf until he wa atified. Then he milked it a econd time, and the veel filled again. After that, he proceeded on hi journey… etc. It hould be noted that ome cholar of hadith have diputed the chain of narration. And Allah know bet.
Dear repected one! Thee were the event of the migration until your arrival, O Prophet ﷺ, in Madinah Munawwarah. We pray to Allah Almighty that He grant u the ability to undertand thee event and learn leon from them. Ameen.
econd ermon
Honorable gentlemen! In the firt ermon, you heard our few requet in detail about the virtue of migration and the migration to Madinah. Now let u alo liten to how the people of Madinah welcomed the Meenger of Allah ﷺ upon hi arrival.
The tay of the Holy Prophet ﷺ in Quba and the reception in Madinah
The people of Madinah were eagerly awaiting the arrival of the Prophet ﷺ. To undertand the extent of their enthuiam, liten to the narration of Hazrat Urwah bin Zubair رضي الله عنه.
He tate that while going to Madinah Munawwarah, on the way, the Holy Prophet ﷺ met Hazrat Zubair رضي الله عنه who wa returning from yria with a Mulim trading caravan. Hazrat Zubair رضي الله عنه preented white clothe a a gift to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه. Meanwhile, when the people of Madinah learned about the migration of the Holy Prophet ﷺ from Makkah, every morning they would go toward Al-Harra and wait for the Prophet ﷺ until the afternoon heat. One day, after a long wait, when they were returning to their home, a Jew climbed a hill for ome need. uddenly, he aw the Holy Prophet ﷺ and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه dreed in white clothe. He could not contain himelf and, loing control, loudly announced:
“O people of the Arab! Your elder ha come whom you were waiting for.”
Upon hearing thi, a wave of happine pread among the Mulim. They took up their weapon and welcomed the Meenger of Allah ﷺ near (Al-Harrah). The Prophet ﷺ turned to the right with thoe who welcomed him and decended among Banu Amr bin Awf. It wa a Monday in the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal. There, Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه tood and continued to welcome the people while the Prophet ﷺ at ilently. Thoe among the Anar of Madinah who had not een the Meenger of Allah ﷺ came and greeted Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه. When the un began to hine on the Meenger of Allah ﷺ, Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه haded him with hi cloak. From thi, the people realized that thi wa the Meenger of Allah ﷺ.
The Meenger of Allah ﷺ tayed in Banu Amr bin Auf (Quba) for more than ten night. During thi time, he ﷺ laid the foundation of a moque (Majid Quba), about which Allah Almighty aid in the Quran:
﴿لمسجد أسس على التقوىٰ من أول يوم أحق أن تقوم فيه﴾
“The moque founded on piety from the firt day i more deerving that you tand in it.”
There, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) offered prayer. Then he mounted hi ride and tarted walking with the people, until hi ride topped at the place where now in Medina tand the moque of the Prophet (peace be upon him). At that time, a few Mulim ued to pray there. Thi place originally belonged to uhail (may Allah be pleaed with him) and ahl (may Allah be pleaed with him), who were orphan and were raied in the care of Hazrat A’ad bin Zararah (may Allah be pleaed with him). It wa ued for drying date. When the Prophet’ (peace be upon him) ride topped there, he aid: إن شاء اﷲ Thi i our detination. After that, the Prophet (peace be upon him) called thoe two orphan children and wanted to buy that place o that a moque could be built there. The children aid: No, O Meenger of Allah! We will gift it to you. But the Prophet (peace be upon him) refued to take the place a a gift and bought it from them. Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) built a moque there. He himelf participated in it contruction and, along with the noble companion (may Allah be pleaed with them), kept bringing brick.
Hazrat Ana رضي الله عنه tate that after thi, the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم decended near Medina (on one ide of Al-Harra) and called the Anar of Medina. They came and met the Holy Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه and requeted that now you are completely afe. Therefore, pleae mount your mount, and whatever command you give will be obeyed. o, the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and Hazrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه mounted, and the Anar of Medina armed themelve and tarted accompanying them. Meanwhile, in Medina Munawwarah, it wa announced that “The Prophet of Allah ha arrived.” People climbed wall and rooftop, eagerly waiting for him, repeatedly joyfully proclaiming, “The Prophet of Allah ha arrived.”
Then the Meenger of Allah, peace be upon him, while walking, finally got down near the houe of Hazrat Abu Ayyub, may Allah be pleaed with him. He, peace be upon him, aked: Whoe houe i cloer? Hazrat Abu Ayyub, may Allah be pleaed with him, aid: O Prophet of Allah! My houe i cloer, look! Thi i my houe and thi i my door. o the Prophet, peace be upon him, aid: Very well, come inide and prepare a place for u to ret. Hazrat Abu Ayyub, may Allah be pleaed with him, aid: You both are welcome by the bleing of Allah.
In a narration from Mutadrak Hakim, it i mentioned that Hazrat Abu Ayyub (may Allah be pleaed with him) had a two-tory houe. When the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) viited hi houe, he tayed on the lower floor while Hazrat Abu Ayyub (may Allah be pleaed with him) and hi wife were on the upper floor. Both of them came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and expreed their dipleaure about thi. The Prophet (peace be upon him) aid: “It i better for u and for the people who come to u that we tay on the lower floor.”
Meanwhile, Abdullah bin alam, who wa picking fruit in the date palm orchard at that time, came quickly and after litening to the converation of the Prophet ﷺ, aid: “I bear witne that you are the Meenger of Allah and that you have brought the truth. And the Jew know that I am their leader and the on of their leader. And I am the greatet cholar among them and the on of the greatet cholar. Therefore, you hould call them and before they learn about my embracing Ilam, ak them about me, becaue if they find out about my embracing Ilam, they will not peak the truth about me.” Accordingly, the Prophet of Allah ﷺ called them and aid:
“O community of the Jew! Fear Allah. By the One beide whom there i no true deity! You know that I am indeed the Meenger of Allah and I have brought the truth to you, o accept Ilam.”
The Jew aid: We do not know him (Muhammad, peace be upon him).
The Prophet (peace be upon him) aked: Tell me, what kind of man i Abdullah bin alam among you?
They aid: He i our chief and the on of our chief. He i the greatet cholar among u and the on of the greatet cholar.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) aked: What do you think if he ha accepted Ilam?
They aid: That can never be.
The Prophet ﷺ repeated the ame quetion twice, and they kept giving the ame anwer. Then the Prophet ﷺ aid to Hazrat Abdullah bin alam رضي الله عنه: “Now you come before them.” o he came before the Jew and aid: “O people of the Jew! Fear Allah. And by Allah, beide whom there i no true deity! You know that he i the Meenger of Allah and ha brought the truth to you!” They aid: “No, you are lying.” After that, the Prophet ﷺ ordered the Jew to leave.
And Hazrat Bara bin Azib, may Allah be pleaed with him, ay:
“Among the Muhajireen, firt came to u Hazrat Mu’ab bin Umair, may Allah be pleaed with him, and Hazrat Abdullah bin Umm Maktum, may Allah be pleaed with him, and both of them began teaching people the Holy Quran. Then came Hazrat Ammar, may Allah be pleaed with him, then Hazrat Bilal, may Allah be pleaed with him, and Hazrat aad, may Allah be pleaed with him. After that, Hazrat Umar, may Allah be pleaed with him, arrived with forty horemen, and then the Meenger of Allah, peace and bleing be upon him, came. I aw the people expreing uch joy at the arrival of the Meenger of Allah, peace and bleing be upon him, a if they had never expreed uch happine before, even women, children, and ervant were aying repeatedly that the Meenger of Allah, peace and bleing be upon him, ha arrived.”
And Hazrat Ana (may Allah be pleaed with him) ay, “I aw the day when the Meenger of Allah (peace be upon him) entered Medina. That day wa o beautiful that I have never een a more beautiful and brighter day than it. And I alo aw the day when the Prophet (peace be upon him) paed away. That day wa o orrowful that I have never een a more dreadful and darker day than it.”
Honorable gentlemen! You have litened to the event of the migration in detail, in which there are many leon and numerou intructive matter. The mot important thing i that when the ervant of Allah obey Allah Almighty, upport Hi religion, and how patience in the difficultie that come in thi path, Allah Almighty doe not leave them alone in difficult time but upport them and create way for them to overcome hardhip. Jut a He upported Hi beloved Prophet Muhammad and hi believing companion, the noble ahabah in the mot difficult moment, aved them from the torment of the people of Mecca, and granted them a peaceful refuge in Madinah Munawwarah.
The event of the migration to Medina wa certainly the mot important event in the pure biography of the Meenger of Allah, peace be upon him, after which the firt Ilamic tate wa etablihed under hi leaderhip. Then Allah Almighty commanded to fight the dibeliever, a a reult of which the ditinction between truth and falehood became clear, and Allah fulfilled the promie made to Hi Prophet, peace be upon him, granting Ilam dominance and upremacy.
In view of the importance of the migration to Medina, Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleaed with him) began Ilamic hitory with thi memorable event. However, it i regrettable that today Mulim have forgotten their Ilamic hitory and have tarted to prefer non-Ilamic hitory over it. Wherea many Ilamic ruling are related to Ilamic month. For example, fating in the month of Ramadan, the obligation of Hajj, the obligation of Zakat, the fat of Ahura, the three day of unnah fating in every Ilamic month, the fat of ha’ban, the fat of the Day of Arafah, and the two Eid, etc. Ilamic hitory i the identity of the Mulim Ummah. Therefore, it i neceary for Mulim to undertand it importance and keep their identity alive.
Hazrat ahl bin a’d (may Allah be pleaed with him) ay: “The Companion (may Allah be pleaed with them) did not count hitory from the Prophethood of the Prophet (peace be upon him) nor from hi death, but they counted it from the arrival of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in Medina Munawwarah.”
The reaon mentioned for thi i that Hazrat Abu Mua (may Allah be pleaed with him) wrote a letter to Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleaed with him) tating that letter were coming to u from your ide which did not have date written on them. Therefore, Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleaed with him) gathered the people and ought their advice. ome aid: Count from the time of the Prophethood, and ome aid: Count from the time of the Hijrah. Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleaed with him) aid:
(الہجرۃ فرقت بین الحق والباطل فأرخوا من الہجرۃ)
“The Hijrah ditinguihed between truth and falehood, o count the date from the Hijrah.” Thi i an event from 17 AH.
While Ibn irin ay that a peron came from Yemen and aid: I have een omething in Yemen called hitory. It mention the year and month. o Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleaed with him) aid: Thi i a very good thing, you hould alo keep track of hitory. Thu, when they decided to do o, ome aid: Calculate from the birth of the Holy Prophet (may Allah be pleaed with him), ome aid: from the time of the revelation, ome aid: from the migration, and ome aid: from the death. o he aid: Calculate it from the migration.
A we have mentioned, the event of the migration to Medina took place in the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal, but when the calendar wa tarted, it began from the month of Muharram. Why? The reaon, according to Hafiz Ibn Hajar, may Allah have mercy on him, i that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ had actually reolved to migrate in the month of Muharram becaue the pledge he took from the Companion who had come from Medina wa in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah. And thi pledge wa eentially the prelude to the migration to Medina. After that, the firt month wa Muharram. Therefore, the calendar wa counted from thi month.
We pray to Allah Almighty to have mercy on all of u in our current tate. Ameen.
