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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: : من رد شهادة أهل الذمة
Chapter: Those who rejected the testimony of the dhimmis
Bayhaqi Q20613 — Those who rejected the testimony of the dhimmis
اُردوEn
قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ} [الطلاق: 2] وَقَالَ: {وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ} [البقرة: 282] وَقَالَ: {مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ} [البقرة: 282] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " فَفِي هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا عَنَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ رِجَالَنَا وَمَنْ نَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ دِينِنَا لَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ لَقَطَعَ اللهُ تَعَالَى الْوَلَايَةَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ بِالدِّينِ. ⦗274⦘ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " وَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ تُرَدَّ شَهَادَةُ مُسْلِمٍ بِأَنْ نَعْرِفَهُ يَكْذِبُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الْآدَمَيِّينَ وَنُجِيزَ شَهَادَةَ ذَمِّيٍّ وَهُوَ يَكْذِبُ عَلَى اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى؟ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا اللهُ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَدْ بَدَّلُوا كِتَابَ اللهِ، وَكَتَبُوا الْكِتَابَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَقَالُوا: {هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [البقرة: 79] ".
Allah, exalted be His praise, says: 'And take as witnesses two just men from among you.' [Surah al-Talaq: 2]
And He said: 'And take two witnesses from among your men.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 282]
And He said: 'from among those whom you approve of as witnesses.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 282]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "So in these two verses, and Allah knows best, there is evidence that by them Allah Almighty meant only Muslims and not others, because our men and those whom we approve of are only the people of our religion, not the polytheists, since Allah Almighty has severed the bond of allegiance between us and them on the basis of religion."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And how can it be permissible that the testimony of a Muslim is rejected because we know that he lies about some human being, while we accept the testimony of a dhimmi though he lies about Allah, the Blessed and Exalted?"
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And Allah Almighty has informed us that they altered the Book of Allah, wrote the book with their own hands, and said: 'This is from Allah, in order to purchase with it a small price.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 79]"
And He said: 'And take two witnesses from among your men.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 282]
And He said: 'from among those whom you approve of as witnesses.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 282]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "So in these two verses, and Allah knows best, there is evidence that by them Allah Almighty meant only Muslims and not others, because our men and those whom we approve of are only the people of our religion, not the polytheists, since Allah Almighty has severed the bond of allegiance between us and them on the basis of religion."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And how can it be permissible that the testimony of a Muslim is rejected because we know that he lies about some human being, while we accept the testimony of a dhimmi though he lies about Allah, the Blessed and Exalted?"
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And Allah Almighty has informed us that they altered the Book of Allah, wrote the book with their own hands, and said: 'This is from Allah, in order to purchase with it a small price.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 79]"
