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Bayhaqi Q17762 — Permission to reside in the land of polytheism

قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَذِنَ لِقَوْمٍ بِمَكَّةَ أَنْ يُقِيمُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ مِنْهُمُ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَغَيْرُهُ إِذْ لَمْ يَخَافُوا الْفِتْنَةَ..
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted some people in Makkah to remain there after they accepted Islam, among them Sayyiduna al-Abbas bin Abd al-Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him) and others, since they did not fear trial (regarding their religion)."
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب السير / Q17762