السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المكاتب
Book of the Mukatab
باب: : عجز المكاتب.
The mukatab becoming unable to pay
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا حِبَّانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ، ثنا عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ: كَاتَبَ مُكَاتَبًا لَهُ، فَأَدَّى تِسْعَمِائَةٍ، وَبَقِيَتْ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ فَعَجِزَ، فَرَدَّهُ فِي الرِّقِّ..
Ata' bin Abi Rabah narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a mukatab paid 900 but was unable to pay 100 dinars, so he became a slave again.
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ مُكَاتَبًا لَهُ عَجِزَ فَرَدَّهُ مَمْلُوكًا وَأَمْسَكَ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهُ..
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he had a slave who became unable to pay his contract; he kept what he had already taken and made him a slave again.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أَنَّ نَافِعًا، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ: كَاتَبَ غُلَامًا لَهُ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَجِزْتُ، فَقَالَ: " إِذًا امْحُ كِتَابَتَكَ "، فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَجِزْتُ فَامْحُهَا أَنْتَ، قَالَ نَافِعٌ: فَأَشَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ امْحُهَا، وَهُوَ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ، فَمَحَاهَا الْعَبْدُ وَلَهُ ابْنَانِ أَوِ ابْنٌ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: " اعْتَزِلْ جَارِيَتِي "، قَالَ: فَأَعْتَقَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ابْنَهُ بَعْدُ..
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) had a mukatab slave whose contract was 30,000. Then he came and said: I have become unable to pay. He said: Then cancel your contract. He said: I have become unable to pay; you erase it yourself. Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I signalled to him to erase it, hoping that he would be freed. So the slave erased it. He had one or two sons. Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Keep away from my slave girl. Then Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) later freed his son.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا حِبَّانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ: كَاتَبَ غُلَامًا لَهُ وَوَلَدَهُ وَأُمَّ وَلَدِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ أَتَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنِّي قَدْ عَجِزْتُ، فَاقْبَلْ كِتَابَتِي، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: " إِنِّي لَنْ أَقْبَلَهُ مِنْكَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ بِهِمْ "، قَالَ: فَأَتَاهُ بِهِمْ فَرَدَّهُمْ فِي الرِّقِّ، فَلَّمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِمَّا بِيَوْمٍ وَإِمَّا بِثَلَاثَةٍ أَعْتَقَهُمْ..
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he made a contract of manumission with his slave, whose child and umm walad (slave mother of his child) were also included. He came to Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: I have become unable to pay; take back your contract. Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: I will not accept it from you until you bring them. When he brought them, he returned them to slavery. Then, one or three days later, he freed them.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيِّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ: كَاتَبَ غُلَامًا لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ: شَرَفٌ بِأَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا، فَخَرَجَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، فَكَانَ يَعْمَلُ عَلَى حُمُرٍ لَهُ، حَتَّى أَدَّى خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، فَجَاءَهُ إِنْسَانٌ فَقَالَ: مَجْنُونٌ أَنْتَ؟ أَنْتَ هَاهُنَا تُعَذِّبُ نَفْسَكَ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ يَشْتَرِي الرَّقِيقَ يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا ثُمَّ يُعْتِقُهُمْ ارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْ لَهُ: قَدْ عَجِزْتُ، فَجَاءَ إِلَيْهِ بِصَحِيفَتِهِ، ⦗٥٧٣⦘ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَدْ عَجِزْتُ، وَهَذِهِ صَحِيفَتِي فَامْحُهَا، فَقَالَ: " لَا، وَلَكِنْ امْحُهَا إِنْ شِئْتَ "، فَمَحَاهَا، فَفَاضَتْ عَيْنَا عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: " اذْهَبْ فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ "، قَالَ: أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ، أَحْسِنْ إِلَى ابْنِيَّ، قَالَ: " هُمَا حُرَّانِ "، قَالَ: أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ، أَحْسِنْ إِلَى أُمَّيْ وَوَلَدِيَّ، قَالَ: " هُمَا حُرَّتَانِ "، فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ خَمْسَتَهُمْ جَمِيعًا فِي مَقْعَدٍ..
Umar bin Muhammad bin Zayd bin Abdullah bin Umar narrates from his father that Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) made a contract of manumission with one of his slaves, named Sharaf, for 40,000. He went to Kufah and worked there with donkeys, and he earned and paid 15,000. Then a man came to him and said: Are you mad? Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) buys slaves and frees them, while you have put yourself through torment. Go to him and tell him: I have become unable to pay. So he came, bringing his document with him, and said: O Abu Abd al-Rahman! I have become unable to pay; this is my document, cancel it. Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: If you wish, erase it yourself; I will not erase it. So he erased it, and the eyes of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) filled with tears, and he said: Go, you are free. He said: May Allah grant you good, be kind to my sons as well. He said: They both are free too. He said: (Free) my mother and the mother of my children as well. He said: They both are free too. So he freed all five of them while sitting in one place.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرُوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ كَاتَبَهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، فَعَجِزَ، فَرَدَّهُ فِي الرِّقِّ وَقَدْ أَدَّى النِّصْفَ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنَ النِّصْفِ، فَطَلَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ وَلَدَهُ، وَكَانُوا وُلِدُوا مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ، فَأَعْتَقَهُ وَأَعْتَقَ وَلَدَهُ، وَرَدَّ إِلَيْهِ أَلْفًا وَخَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ..
Ishaq, the freed slave of Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), says that his father made a contract of manumission with Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) for 30,000. He became unable to pay, so he returned him to slavery, after he had paid half or nearly half. He asked him to free his children, who had been born during his contract of manumission, so he freed him and his children too, and also returned 1,500 dirhams to him.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا حِبَّانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ، يَقُولُ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ يُؤَدِّي صَدْرًا مِنْ كِتَابَتِهِ وَيَعْجِزُ، أَيُرَدُّ رَقِيقًا؟ قَالَ: " سَيِّدُهُ أَحَقُّ بِشَرْطِهِ الَّذِي شَرَطَ ".
Abu al-Zubayr heard Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) saying concerning the mukatab (a slave who has contracted to buy his freedom) who has paid the first part of his contract and then becomes unable to continue: is he to be returned to slavery? He said: "His master has the greater right to the condition that he stipulated."
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا حَفْصٌ، عَنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ: " لَهُمْ مَا أَخَذُوا مِنْهُ "، يَعْنِي إِذَا لَمْ يُكْمِلْ، فَرُدَّ فِي الرِّقِّ، فَمَا أَخَذَ فَلَهُ ".
Abu al-Zubayr narrates from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "They (the masters) keep what they took from him," meaning: when he does not complete (his contract) and is returned to slavery, whatever (the master) took is his.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " إِذَا تَتَابَعَ عَلَى الْمُكَاتَبِ نَجْمَانِ فَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ نُجُومَهُ رُدَّ فِي الرِّقِّ ". وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: " فَدَخَلَ فِي السَّنَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ "، أَوْ قَالَ: " فِي الثَّالِثَةِ ".
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When a slave fails to pay two consecutive installments, he is to be made a slave again. In another narration: he entered the second year, or the third year.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا حِبَّانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " إِذَا عَجِزَ الْمُكَاتَبُ اسْتَسْعَى حَوْلَيْنِ، فَإِنْ أَدَّى وَإِلَّا رُدَّ فِي الرِّقِّ ". الْإِسْنَادُ الْأَوَّلُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ضَعِيفٌ، وَرِوَايَةُ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَا تَصِحُّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَإِنْ صَحَّتْ فَهِيَ مَحْمُولَةٌ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمَعْرُوفِ مِنْ جِهَةِ السَّيِّدِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْتَظِرْ رُدَّ فِي الرِّقِّ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ..
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that if a slave (who has a contract of manumission) becomes unable to pay, he is to be made to work (to earn the amount) for two years. If he pays off his contract, he is free; otherwise he is to be made a slave again.
The first chain from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is weak, and the narration of Khilas from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is not authentic according to the scholars of hadith. If it is authentic, it is understood as a kindness on the part of the master; and if he does not wait, the slave is returned to slavery. And Allah knows best.
The first chain from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is weak, and the narration of Khilas from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is not authentic according to the scholars of hadith. If it is authentic, it is understood as a kindness on the part of the master; and if he does not wait, the slave is returned to slavery. And Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ شَبِيبِ بْنِ غَرْقَدَةَ، قَالَ: " شَهِدْتُ شُرَيْحًا رَدَّ مُكَاتَبًا عَجَزَ فِي الرِّقِّ ".
Shabib bin Gharqadah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I was present with Judge Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) when he returned a mukatab who had become unable to pay to slavery.
