السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المكاتب
Book of the Mukatab
باب: : ولد المكاتب من جاريته، وولد المكاتبة من زوجها.
The child of a mukatab by his slave woman, and the child of a mukatabah by her husband
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " وَلَدُهَا بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا "، - يَعْنِي: الْمُكَاتَبَةَ..
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The children of a mukatabah have her status.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أنبأ أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ بَيْعِ وَلَدِ الْمُكَاتَبَةِ، فَقَالَ: " وَلَدُهَا مِنْهَا، إِنْ عَتَقَتْ عَتَقَ، وَإِنْ رَقَّتْ رَقَّ ".
Ibn Sirin (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about selling the children of a mukatabah, and he said: "The children are like her: if the mukatabah is freed, the children are also freed; if she is a slave, the children are also slaves."
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: " يُبَاعُ وَلَدُهَا لِلْعِتْقِ، تَسْتَعِينُ بِهِ الْأُمُّ فِي مُكَاتَبَتِهَا ". وَقَوْلُ شُرَيْحٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَى سُفْيَانَ.
Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The mukatabah may sell her child to be freed, using it to help with her kitabah. But the view of Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) was more preferable to Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: " الْمُكَاتَبُ لَا يَشْتَرِطُ أَنَّ مَا وَلَدَتْ مِنْ وَلَدٍ فَإِنَّهُ فِي كِتَابَتِي ثُمَّ يُولَدُ؟ "، قَالَ: هُمْ فِي كِتَابَتِهِ ". وَقَالَ ذَلِكَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ.
Ibn Jurayj (may Allah have mercy on him) said to Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him): "The mukatab does not stipulate that whatever children are born will be within my kitabah, and then children are born?" He said: "They are within his kitabah." Amr bin Dinar said the same.
قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّ أَمَةً كُوتِبَتْ، ثُمَّ وَلَدَتْ وَلَدَيْنِ، ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ، فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: " إِنْ أَقَامَا بِكِتَابَةِ أُمِّهِمَا فَذَلِكَ لَهُمَا، فَإِنْ قَضَيَاهَا عَتَقَا ". وَقَالَ ذَلِكَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ.
Ibn Abi Mulaykah narrates that a slave woman was given a kitabah contract, then she gave birth to two children, then she died. I asked Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) about her, and he said: "If the two of them take up their mother's kitabah, that is their right, and if they pay it off, they are freed."
قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: وَقَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ: " إِنْ كَاتَبَ وَلَا وَلَدَ لَهُ، ثُمَّ وُلِدَ لَهُ مِنْ سُرِّيَّةٍ لَهُ، فَمَاتَ أَبُوهُمْ لَمْ يُوضَعْ عَنْهُمْ شَيْءٌ، وَكَانُوا عَلَى كِتَابَةِ أَبِيهِمْ إِنْ شَاءُوا، وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا مُحِيَتْ كِتَابَةُ أَبِيهِمْ وَكَانُوا عَبِيدًا لَهُ ". كَذَا قَالُوا، وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ: إِذَا مَاتَ الْمُكَاتَبُ أَوِ الْمُكَاتَبَةُ قَبْلَ أَدَاءِ مَالِ الْكِتَابَةِ مَاتَا رَقِيقَيْنِ، وَأَوْلَادُهُمَا رَقِيقٌ، اسْتِدْلَالًا بِمَا مَضَى فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ أَنَّهُ " عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ دِرْهَمٌ ".
Ata' bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: If he made a kitabah contract while he had no children, then children were born to him from a slave woman, and the father died, the price will not be reduced for them; they will remain on their father's kitabah, and if they wish, the kitabah may be cancelled and they remain slaves.
Hence we say: When a mukatab or a mukatabah dies without paying the amount, they remain slaves, and their children will also be slaves, with the evidence being the hadith: "If even one dirham remains due from him, he is still a slave."
Hence we say: When a mukatab or a mukatabah dies without paying the amount, they remain slaves, and their children will also be slaves, with the evidence being the hadith: "If even one dirham remains due from him, he is still a slave."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: " رَجُلٌ كَاتَبَ عَبْدًا لَهُ وَقَاطَعَهُ، فَكَتَمَهُ مَالًا لَهُ وَعَبِيدًا وَمَالًا غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ؟ "، قَالَ: هُوَ لِلسَّيِّدِ ". وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى.
Ibn Jurayj (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I said to Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him): "A man made a kitabah contract with his slave and settled with him, and the slave concealed from him property of his, slaves and other wealth." He said: "It belongs to his master."
وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: " فَإِنْ كَانَ السَّيِّدُ قَدْ سَأَلَهُ مَالَهُ فَكَتَمَهُ؟ "، قَالَ: هُوَ لِسَيِّدِهِ، قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: " فَكَتَمَهُ وَلَدًا لَهُ مِنْ أَمَةٍ لَهُ، أَوْ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ "، قَالَ: هُوَ لِسَيِّدِهِ ". وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: " أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ سَيِّدُهُ قَدْ عَلِمَ بِوَلَدِ الْعَبْدِ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ السَّيِّدُ وَلَا الْعَبْدُ عِنْدَ الْكِتَابَةِ "؟ قَالَ: فَلَيْسَ فِي كِتَابَتِهِ، هُوَ مَالُ سَيِّدِهِمَا ". وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ.
Ibn Jurayj (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I said to Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him): "If the master asked the slave about his wealth and he concealed it?" He said: "It belongs to the master." Ibn Jurayj (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I asked Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him): "If he concealed a child of his from a slave woman, or he was not asked about it?" He said: "That too belongs to the master." Ibn Jurayj (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "If the master knew of the slave's child but it was not mentioned at the time of the kitabah?" He said: "That too is the master's property."
