السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المكاتب
Book of the Mukatab
باب: : إفلاس المكاتب.
The bankruptcy of the mukatab
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ - يَعْنِي: لِعَطَاءٍ: أَفْلَسَ مُكَاتَبِي وَتَرَكَ مَالًا، وَتَرَكَ دَيْنًا لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ يَدَعْ لَهُ وَفَاءً، أَبْدَأُ بِالْحَقِّ لِلنَّاسِ قَبْلَ كِتَابَتِي؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ "، وَقَالَهَا لِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَمَا أُحَاصُّهُمْ بِنَجْمٍ مِنْ نُجُومِهِ حَلَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَلَكَ عَمَلَهُ فِي سَنَتِهِ؟ قَالَ: " لَا ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، فَإِذَا مَاتَ الْمُكَاتَبُ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ بُدِئَ بِدُيُونِ النَّاسِ، لِأَنَّهُ مَاتَ رَقِيقًا، وَبَطَلَتِ الْكِتَابَةُ، وَلَا دَيْنَ لِلسَّيِّدِ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَا بَقِيَ مَالٌ لِلسَّيِّدِ ".
Ibn Jurayj (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I said to Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him): "My mukatab has become bankrupt; he has wealth, and he also owes debts to people. Should I pay the people's debts before my kitabah?" He said: "Yes." Ibn Jurayj (may Allah have mercy on him) said to Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him): "Should I not take a share alongside them for an instalment that had fallen due on him, since I had owned his earnings for his year?" He said: "No."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is what we follow. If the mukatab dies, pay off the people's debts first, because he died a slave, the kitabah becomes void, and the master has no debt owed to him by the slave; the remaining wealth belongs to the master.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is what we follow. If the mukatab dies, pay off the people's debts first, because he died a slave, the kitabah becomes void, and the master has no debt owed to him by the slave; the remaining wealth belongs to the master.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: " يَبْدَأُ بِالدَّيْنِ ".
Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The debt will be paid first.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَّاجُ قَالَا: أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ أَخْبَرَنِي، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: إِنَّ شُرَيْحًا كَانَ يَقُولُ: يُبْدَأُ بِالْمُكَاتَبَةِ قَبْلَ الدَّيْنِ، أَوْ يُشْرَكُ بَيْنَهُمَا " شَكَّ شُعْبَةُ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَخْطَأَ شُرَيْحٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَاضِيًا، قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: " يُبْدَأُ بِالدَّيْنِ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " يُبْدَأُ بِالدَّيْنِ ".
Qatadah said: I said to Sa'id bin al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) that Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) used to say: The kitabah is to be paid first and then the debt, or both are to be shared together. Shu'bah was in doubt. Ibn al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) erred, even though he is a judge. Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The debt will be paid first.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It has also been narrated from Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: The debt is to be paid first.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It has also been narrated from Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: The debt is to be paid first.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَلِيمٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْمُوَجِّهِ، أنبأ عَبْدَانُ، أنبأ شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ يَمُوتُ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، قَالَ: " يُبْدَأُ بِدَيْنِهِ ".
Al-Hakam (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him): If the mukatab dies while owing a debt, the payment of the debt should come first.
