Allah, exalted be His praise, says: "Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to those to whom they are due, and when you judge between people, to judge with justice." [Surah al-Nisa: 58]
And He said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "And that you judge between them by what Allah has revealed, and do not follow their desires." [Surah al-Ma'idah: 49]
And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent out governors (officials) and judges, and likewise the Caliphs after him did (the same), and it is they who are followed in the Shari'ah. Success and protection come only from Allah.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / Q20149
Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a man as governor over Najran, and the people of Najran complained about him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I will send to you a trustworthy man who will fulfil the right of trust." The Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) looked on (eagerly), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah bin al-Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20149
Sa'id bin Abi Burdah narrates from his father, from his grandfather, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him and Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) to Yemen and said: "Make things easy and do not make them difficult; give glad tidings and do not drive people away. Cooperate with each other and do not differ." Each of the two (may Allah be pleased with them both) had a tent (fustat), in which they would visit each other daily.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20150
Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) states that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him to Yemen, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went out with him, giving him advice. Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) was riding while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was walking. When he had finished the advice, he said: "O Mu'adh, it may be that you will not meet me after this year of mine, and perhaps you will pass by my mosque and my grave."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20151
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) states that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) to collect the sadaqah.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20152
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) states: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to Yemen as a judge. I said: O Messenger of Allah, I am a young man, and you are sending me to people of advanced age? He (peace and blessings be upon him) made supplications for me and said: "Do not decide after hearing one of two disputing parties until you have heard the other; that is better." He says: After that, no judgement ever became confused for me.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20153
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) states: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to Yemen. I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I am a young man and I have no knowledge of judging?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go, Allah will guide you and keep your tongue firm." After that, I never felt any doubt in judging between two men.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20154
A man who heard Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that he said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to Yemen, I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), you are sending me while I am a young man, and I have no knowledge of much of judging. He says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) struck my chest with his hand and said: "Allah will keep your tongue firm and guide your heart." After that, I never faced any difficulty in judging between two people.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20155
Muharib bin Dithar (may Allah have mercy on him) states that when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) became Caliph, he appointed Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) as judge and appointed Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah (may Allah be pleased with him) as treasurer of the public treasury, and said: Help me. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) remained (as judge) for a year without two people coming to him (with a dispute), or (the narrator said:) without judging between two people.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20156
Amir bin Shaqiq states that he heard Abu Wa'il say that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) appointed Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) as judge and as treasurer of the public treasury.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20157
Amir states that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) appointed Ibn Sur as judge of Basrah and appointed Shurayh as judge of Kufah.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20158
Khalid bin Yazid (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father that when death approached Sayyiduna Abu al-Darda' (may Allah be pleased with him), who was the judge of Damascus, Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Abu al-Darda', whom do you consider suitable for this office? He said: Sayyiduna Fadalah bin Ubayd (may Allah be pleased with him).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20159