السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الأيمان
Book of Oaths
باب: من حلف: لا يكلم رجلا، فأرسل إليه رسولا، أو كتب إليه كتابا
One who swears not to speak to a man, then sends him a messenger or writes him a letter
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قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ {وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ اللهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ} [الشورى: 51] وَقَالَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ {قُلْ لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكُمْ قَدْ نَبَّأَنَا اللهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ} [التوبة: 94] وَإِنَّمَا نَبَّأَهُمْ مِنْ أَخْبَارِهِمْ بِالْوَحْيِ الَّذِي يَنْزِلُ بِهِ جِبْرَائِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَيُخْبِرُهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِوَحْيٍ إِلَيْهِ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " مَنْ قَالَ لَا يَحْنَثُ، قَالَ: إِنَّ كَلَامَ الْآدَمِيِّينَ لَا يُشْبِهُ كَلَامَ اللهِ، كَلَامُ الْآدَمِيَّينَ بِالْمُوَاجَهَةِ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ لَوْ هَجَرَ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا، كَانَتِ الْهِجْرَةُ مُحَرَّمَةً عَلَيْهِ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ، أَوْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولًا، وَهُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى كَلَامِهِ، لَمْ يُخْرِجْهُ هَذَا مِنْ هِجْرَتِهِ الَّتِي يَأْثَمُ بِهَا؟ ".
Allah, glorified be His praise, says: "And it is not for any human being that Allah should speak to him except by revelation, or from behind a veil, or that He sends a messenger (an angel) who reveals by His permission what He wills." [Surah al-Shura: 51]
And Allah Almighty said concerning the hypocrites, (on the tongue) of the believers: "Say: Make no excuses; we will never believe you. Allah has already informed us of your news." [Surah al-Tawbah: 94]
And Allah Almighty informed them of their (the hypocrites') affairs only through the revelation which Jibril (peace be upon him) brought down to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) informed them (of their affairs) through the revelation that came to him.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Whoever says that he does not break his oath (by writing a letter or sending a messenger) says that the speech of human beings does not resemble the speech of Allah; the speech of human beings is face to face. Do you not see that if a man cuts off relations with another man, while cutting off relations for more than three nights is forbidden to him, and then he writes to him or sends a messenger to him while he is able to speak to him, this does not take him out of the cutting off of relations for which he is sinful?"
And Allah Almighty said concerning the hypocrites, (on the tongue) of the believers: "Say: Make no excuses; we will never believe you. Allah has already informed us of your news." [Surah al-Tawbah: 94]
And Allah Almighty informed them of their (the hypocrites') affairs only through the revelation which Jibril (peace be upon him) brought down to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) informed them (of their affairs) through the revelation that came to him.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Whoever says that he does not break his oath (by writing a letter or sending a messenger) says that the speech of human beings does not resemble the speech of Allah; the speech of human beings is face to face. Do you not see that if a man cuts off relations with another man, while cutting off relations for more than three nights is forbidden to him, and then he writes to him or sends a messenger to him while he is able to speak to him, this does not take him out of the cutting off of relations for which he is sinful?"
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَرْوِيهِ: " لَا يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَهْجُرَ أَخَاهُ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثَةٍ، يَلْتَقِيَانِ فَيَصُدُّ هَذَا وَيَصُدُّ هَذَا، وَخَيْرُهُمَا الَّذِي يَبْدَأُ بِالسَّلَامِ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not lawful for a Muslim to cut off relations with his Muslim brother for more than three days, such that they meet yet each holds back; and the better of the two is the one who begins with the greeting of salam."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، وَأَبُو صَادِقِ بْنُ أَبِي الْفَوَارِسِ قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا يَحِلُّ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَهْجُرَ مُؤْمِنًا فَوْقَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، فَإِذَا مَرَّ ثَلَاثٌ، لَقِيَهُ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ رَدَّهُ، فَقَدِ اشْتَرَكَا فِي الْأَجْرِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَدْ بَرِأَ الْمُسْلِمُ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَصَارَتْ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ".
Muhammad bin Hilal narrates from his father: I heard Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) say that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not lawful for a believer to forsake his believing brother for more than three days; but after three days have passed, they should greet each other with salam. If he replies, both of them will share in the reward; and if he does not reply, then this one (who did not reply) will be the wrongdoer, and the other will be free of (the sin of) cutting off relations."
