السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الأيمان
Book of Oaths
باب: من حلف في الشيء لا يفعله مرارا
One who swears repeatedly not to do the same thing
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، ثنا هِشَامٌ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، أَخْبَرَنِي هِلَالٌ الْوَزَّانُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: " جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: " يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، احْمِلْنِي " فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ لَا أَحْمِلُكَ "، فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ لَتَحْمِلَنِّي "، قَالَ: " وَاللهِ لَا أَحْمِلُكَ "، قَالَ: " وَاللهِ لَتَحْمِلَنِّي، إِنِّي ابْنُ سَبِيلٍ قَدْ أَدَّتْ بِي رَاحِلَتِي "، فَقَالَ: " وَاللهِ لَا أَحْمِلُكَ "، حَتَّى حَلَفَ نَحْوًا مِنْ عِشْرِينَ يَمِينًا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: " مَا لَكَ وَلِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ "، قَالَ: " وَاللهِ لِيَحْمِلَنِّي، إِنِّي ابْنُ سَبِيلٍ، قَدْ أَدَّتْ بِي رَاحِلَتِي "، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: " وَاللهِ لَأَحْمِلَنَّكَ، ثُمَّ وَاللهِ لَأَحْمِلَنَّكَ "، قَالَ: فَحَمَلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ، فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا، فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ، وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ ". قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: " هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ، الْكَفَّارَةُ وَاحِدَةٌ، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِبَيِّنٍ فِي الْحَدِيثِ " وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، أَنَّهُ أَقْسَمَ مِرَارًا، فَكَفَّرَ كَفَّارَةً وَاحِدَةً " وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي تَوْكِيدِ الْيَمِينِ، وَهُوَ تَكْرِيرُهَا فِي الشَّيْءِ الْوَاحِدِ، مَذْهَبٌ آخَرُ.
Hilal al-Wazzan said: I heard Ibn Abi Layla say: A man came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: O Commander of the Believers! Give me a mount. He said: By Allah! I will not give you a mount. He said: You will certainly give me a mount. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will not give you a mount. He said again: You will certainly give me a mount; I am a traveller, and my mount is exhausted. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will not give you a mount, by Allah! Until he had sworn nearly twenty oaths.
A man from the Ansar said to him: What is the matter between you and the Commander of the Believers? He said: I am a traveller, my mount is worn out, and he ought to give me a mount, but he says: By Allah! I will not give you a mount.
The narrator said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! I will certainly give you a mount; then, by Allah! I will certainly give you a mount. Then he gave him a mount. Then he said: "Whoever swears an oath about something and something else is better than it, let him give the expiation for the oath and do the better thing." Ali bin al-Madini (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This hadith is gharib (unusual); the expiation is only one.
(b) The Shaykh said: There is no such evidence in it; but Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) also said that in an oath of this kind the expiation is only once.
A man from the Ansar said to him: What is the matter between you and the Commander of the Believers? He said: I am a traveller, my mount is worn out, and he ought to give me a mount, but he says: By Allah! I will not give you a mount.
The narrator said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! I will certainly give you a mount; then, by Allah! I will certainly give you a mount. Then he gave him a mount. Then he said: "Whoever swears an oath about something and something else is better than it, let him give the expiation for the oath and do the better thing." Ali bin al-Madini (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This hadith is gharib (unusual); the expiation is only one.
(b) The Shaykh said: There is no such evidence in it; but Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) also said that in an oath of this kind the expiation is only once.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بَنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: " مَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ، فَوَكَّدَهَا، ثُمَّ حَنِثَ، فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ، أَوْ كِسْوَةُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ، وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ، فَلَمْ يُؤَكِّدْهَا، فَعَلَيْهِ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ، لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ حِنَطَةٍ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ، فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ". هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ وَرِوَايَةُ الشَّافِعِيِّ مُخْتَصَرَةٌ: " مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَوَكَّدَهَا، فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: ظَاهِرُ الْكِتَابِ، ثُمَّ ظَاهِرُ السُّنَّةِ، ثُمَّ مَا رَوَيْنَا فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - وَإِنْ كَانَ مُرْسَلًا - لَا يُفَرِّقُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ تَوْكِيدِ الْيَمِينِ، وَغَيْرِ تَوْكِيدِهَا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Nafi' narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that whoever swears an emphatic oath and then breaks it must free a slave or clothe ten poor persons; and whoever swears an oath that is not emphatic must feed ten poor persons, one mudd of wheat for each poor person; and whoever does not find (the means) must fast three days.
(b) In the hadith of Ibn Bukayr it is that for an emphatic oath there is the freeing of a slave.
(c) There is no difference between the expiation of an emphatic oath and an ordinary one.
(28) Chapter: How much clothing suffices in the expiation? It is everything to which the name of clothing applies, such as a turban, trousers, a waist-wrapper, a head-covering and the like.
Everything to which (the word) clothing can apply, such as a turban, shalwar (trousers), a waist-wrapper or a small item, may be given in expiation.
Allah Almighty says: "or clothing them" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 89].
(b) In the hadith of Ibn Bukayr it is that for an emphatic oath there is the freeing of a slave.
(c) There is no difference between the expiation of an emphatic oath and an ordinary one.
(28) Chapter: How much clothing suffices in the expiation? It is everything to which the name of clothing applies, such as a turban, trousers, a waist-wrapper, a head-covering and the like.
Everything to which (the word) clothing can apply, such as a turban, shalwar (trousers), a waist-wrapper or a small item, may be given in expiation.
Allah Almighty says: "or clothing them" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 89].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أنبأ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ، فَكَفَّرَ، وَأَمَرَ بِالْمَسَاكِينِ، فَأُدْخِلُوا بَيْتَ الْمَالِ، فَأَمَرَ بِجَفْنَةٍ مِنْ ثَرِيدٍ فَقُدِّمَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَأَكَلُوا، ثُمَّ كَسَا كُلَّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ ثَوْبًا، إِمَّا مُعَقَّدًا وَإِمَّا ظَهْرَانِيًا " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَ الْكَفَّارَةَ بِمَا أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنَ الثَّرِيدِ مُجْزِيَةً، فَأَعْطَى كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ ثَوْبًا، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَهْدَمٍ الْجَرْمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ حَلَفَ، فَأَعْطَى عَشَرَةَ مَسَاكِينَ عَشَرَةَ أَثْوَابٍ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ ثَوْبًا مِنْ مُعَقَّدِ هَجَرَ.
Muhammad bin Sirin narrates from Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) that he swore an oath about some good deed and gave the expiation for his oath. He ordered that the poor be brought into the Bayt al-Mal (treasury), and ordered a bowl of tharid to be brought, which was placed before them, and they ate from it. Then he clothed each person, giving either an upper garment or a waist-wrapper.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He did not consider the tharid sufficient for the expiation, so he also clothed each one of them.
Zahdam al-Jarmi narrates from Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) that in expiation for his oath he gave ten poor persons garments, to each poor person one garment of the mu'aqqad cloth of Hajar.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He did not consider the tharid sufficient for the expiation, so he also clothed each one of them.
Zahdam al-Jarmi narrates from Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) that in expiation for his oath he gave ten poor persons garments, to each poor person one garment of the mu'aqqad cloth of Hajar.
