السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الضحايا
Book of Sacrifices
باب: ما حرم على بني إسرائيل، ثم ورد عليه النسخ بشريعة نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم
What was forbidden to the Children of Israel and then abrogated by the law of our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
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قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ} [آل عمران: 93] الْآيَةَ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: 'All food was lawful to the Children of Israel except what Israel (that is, Ya'qub (peace be upon him)) had made unlawful for himself.' [Surah Al Imran: 93] (the verse)."
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ الثَّوْرِيُّ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا: " أَنَّ إِسْرَائِيلَ أَخَذَهُ عِرْقُ النَّسَا، فَكَانَ يَبِيتُ وَلَهُ زُقَاءٌ، قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ إِنْ شَفَاهُ اللهُ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ لَحْمًا فِيهِ عُرُوقٌ، قَالَ: فَحَرَّمَتْهُ الْيَهُودُ، فَنَزَلَتْ {كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ التَّوْرَاةُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ} [آل عمران: ٩٣]، أَيْ: إِنَّ هَذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ التَّوْرَاةِ، قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: زُقَاءً صِيَاحًا، قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {فَبِظُلْمٍ مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ طَيِّبَاتٍ أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ} [النساء: ١٦٠] الْآيَةَ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَهُنَّ - يَعْنِي وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ - طَيِّبَاتٌ أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ وَقَالَ: {وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا كُلَّ ذِي ظُفُرٍ وَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ شُحُومَهُمَا إِلَّا مَا حَمَلَتْ ظُهُورُهُمَا أَوِ الْحَوَايَا أَوْ مَا اخْتَلَطَ بِعَظْمٍ} [الأنعام: ١٤٦]، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْحَوَايَا مَا حَوَى الطَّعَامَ وَالشَّرَابَ فِي الْبَطْنِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Israel (that is, Ya'qub (peace be upon him)) was afflicted with sciatica, and he would spend the night crying out (in pain). He said: So he vowed that if Allah cured him, he would not eat meat that contains veins. He said: Then the Jews made it unlawful, so this verse was revealed: "All food was lawful to the Children of Israel except what Israel made unlawful for himself before the Torah was revealed. Say: Then bring the Torah and recite it, if you are truthful." [Surah Al Imran: 93] That is, this was before the Torah. Sufyan said: Zuqa' means crying out. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning "Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews, We made unlawful for them good things which had been lawful for them." [Surah al-Nisa: 160] that, and Allah knows best, they are the good things that had been made lawful for them.
"And to the Jews We made unlawful every animal with claws, and of cattle and sheep We made unlawful for them their fat, except what clings to their backs, or to the entrails, or what is mixed with bone." [Surah al-An'am: 146]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Al-hawaya" (the entrails) means that which encloses food and drink in the belly.
"And to the Jews We made unlawful every animal with claws, and of cattle and sheep We made unlawful for them their fat, except what clings to their backs, or to the entrails, or what is mixed with bone." [Surah al-An'am: 146]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Al-hawaya" (the entrails) means that which encloses food and drink in the belly.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ {كُلَّ ذِي ظُفُرٍ} [الأنعام: ١٤٦]، قَالَ: هُوَ الْبَعِيرُ وَالنَّعَامَةُ، وَفِي قَوْلِهِ {إِلَّا مَا حَمَلَتْ ظُهُورُهُمَا} [الأنعام: ١٤٦]: يَعْنِي مَا عَلَقَ بِالظَّهْرِ مِنَ الشَّحْمِ {أَوِ الْحَوَايَا} [الأنعام: ١٤٦]: وَهُوَ الْمَبْعَرُ وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي تَفْسِيرِ، كُلِّ ذِي ظُفُرٍ، والْحَوَايَا.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), concerning "every animal with claws" [Surah al-An'am: 146], said: It means the camel and the ostrich. And concerning His words "except what their backs carry" [Surah al-An'am: 146], he said: It means the fat that clings to the back; and "or the entrails" [Surah al-An'am: 146] means the intestines (where the dung collects).
Ibn Abi Najih narrated the same meaning from Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him), as his own words, in explaining "every animal with claws" and "the entrails".
Ibn Abi Najih narrated the same meaning from Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him), as his own words, in explaining "every animal with claws" and "the entrails".
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: " هُوَ مَا كَانَ اللهُ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْمِيثَاقِ فِيمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، أَنْ يَضَعَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُمْ "، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَلَمْ يَبْقَ خَلْقٌ يَعْقِلُ مُنْذُ بَعَثَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، مِنْ جِنٍّ وَلَا إِنْسٍ، بَلَغَتْهُ دَعْوَتُهُ، إِلَّا قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ حُجَّةُ اللهِ بِاتِّبَاعِ دِينِهِ، وَلَزِمَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مِنْهُمْ تَحْرِيمُ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ، وَإِحْلَالُ مَا أَحَلَّ عَلَى لِسَانِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: It is the firm covenant that Allah Almighty had taken from them regarding what He had made unlawful for them, that He would remove those things from them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Since Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, sent Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), there has remained no rational creature, of jinn or of mankind, whom the call of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has reached except that the proof of Allah has been established against him to follow his (peace and blessings be upon him) religion. And it became binding on every person to hold unlawful what Allah Almighty made unlawful on the tongue of His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and to hold lawful what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) made lawful.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Since Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, sent Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), there has remained no rational creature, of jinn or of mankind, whom the call of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has reached except that the proof of Allah has been established against him to follow his (peace and blessings be upon him) religion. And it became binding on every person to hold unlawful what Allah Almighty made unlawful on the tongue of His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and to hold lawful what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) made lawful.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أنبأ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، ح، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ قَوْقَلٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ، وَحَرَّمْتُ الْحَرَامَ، وَأَحْلَلْتُ الْحَلَالَ، أَأَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " نَعَمْ "، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Nu'man bin Qawqal (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! What is your view: if I pray the obligatory prayers, regard the unlawful as unlawful and the lawful as lawful, will I enter Paradise? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes."
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ، عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اعْمَلُوا بِالْقُرْآنِ، أَحِلُّوا حَلَالَهُ، وَحَرِّمُوا حَرَامَهُ، وَاقْتَدُوا بِهِ، وَلَا تَكْفُرُوا بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ، وَمَا تَشَابَهَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللهِ، وَإِلَى أُولِي الْعِلْمِ مِنْ بَعْدِي كَمَا يُخْبِرُوكُمْ، وَآمِنُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ وَالزَّبُورِ، وَمَا أُوتِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ، وَلِيَسَعْكُمُ الْقُرْآنُ، وَمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْبَيَانِ، فَإِنَّهُ شَافِعٌ مُشَفَّعٌ، وَمَا حَلَّ مُصَدَّقٌ، أَلَا وَلِكُلِّ آيَةٍ نُورٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَإِنِّي أُعْطِيتُ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ مِنَ الذِّكْرِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَأُعْطِيتُ طَهَ وَطَوَاسِينَ وَالْحَوَامِيمَ مِنْ أَلْوَاحِ مُوسَى، وَأُعْطِيتُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ "، عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ تَكَلَّمُوا فِيهِ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " وَأَحَلَّ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ طَعَامَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ ذَبَائِحَهُمْ، لَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ تَحِلَّ ذَبِيحَةُ كِتَابِيٍّ، وَفِي الذَّبِيحَةِ حَرَامٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ، مِمَّا كَانَ حُرِّمَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَبْلَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ma'qil bin Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Act upon the Qur'an: regard its lawful as lawful and its unlawful as unlawful, follow it, and do not deny anything of it. Whatever of it becomes doubtful to you, refer it back to Allah and to the people of knowledge after me, who will inform you. Believe in the Torah, the Injil, the Zabur and what the prophets were given from their Lord. The Qur'an and what is in it is sufficient for you, for it is an intercessor whose intercession will be accepted, and its lawful things have been confirmed. Beware! Every verse will be a light on the Day of Resurrection. I have been given Surah al-Baqarah from the first remembrance; I have been given Ta Ha and the surahs that begin with Ta Sin and Ha Mim from the Tablets of Musa (peace be upon him); and I have been given Surah al-Fatihah from beneath the Throne."
Ubaydullah bin Abi Humayd has been criticised (by the scholars of hadith).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah made lawful the food of the People of the Book, and according to the people of tafsir this means their slaughtered animals; He did not except anything from them. So it cannot be that the slaughtered animal of a person of the Book is lawful while something in that slaughtered animal is unlawful for every Muslim, from what had been made unlawful for the People of the Book before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Ubaydullah bin Abi Humayd has been criticised (by the scholars of hadith).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah made lawful the food of the People of the Book, and according to the people of tafsir this means their slaughtered animals; He did not except anything from them. So it cannot be that the slaughtered animal of a person of the Book is lawful while something in that slaughtered animal is unlawful for every Muslim, from what had been made unlawful for the People of the Book before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْأَحْرَزِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ جَمِيلٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ الْحَرْبِيُّ، ثنا سَعْدَوَيْهِ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: " لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ خَيْبَرَ دُلِّيَ جِرَابٌ مِنْ شَحْمٍ فَاحْتَضَنْتُهُ "، فَقُلْتُ: " لَا أُعْطِي أَحَدًا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، فَالْتَفَتُّ، فَإِذَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَبَسَّمُ ".
Abdullah bin Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: On the day of Khaybar I got a bag of fat, and I kept it aside. I said: I will not give anyone anything from it. I turned around and saw that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was smiling.
Note: If the fat from the slaughtered animal of the People of the Book is permissible, then the slaughtered animal is also permissible.
Note: If the fat from the slaughtered animal of the People of the Book is permissible, then the slaughtered animal is also permissible.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْفَضْلُ بْنُ حُبَابٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، نا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، قَالَ: " دُلِّيَ ⦗١٦⦘ جِرَابٌ مِنْ شَحْمٍ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ فَالْتَزَمْتُهُ "، فَقُلْتُ: " هَذَا لِي، لَا أُعْطِي أَحَدًا شَيْئًا فَالْتَفَتُّ، فَإِذَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَبَسَّمُ، فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ مِنْهُ "، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى، وَفِي هَذَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَبَاحَ الشَّحْمَ مِنْ ذَبِيحَةِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ.
Abdullah bin Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: On the day of Khaybar I got a bag of fat, and I held on to it. I said: "This is mine; I will not give anyone anything." I turned around and saw that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was smiling, and I felt shy before him (peace and blessings be upon him).
