السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: الأرض إذا أخذت عنوة فوقفت للمسلمين بطيب أنفس الغانمين لم يجز بيعها إذا أسلم من هي في يده لم يسقط خراجها
Land taken by force and endowed for the Muslims with the consent of the fighters may not be sold, and its land tax is not dropped when its holder accepts Islam
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، ثنا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ هُوَ ابْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: اشْتَرَى عُتْبَةُ بْنُ فَرْقَدٍ أَرْضًا مِنْ أَرْضِ الْخَرَاجِ ثُمَّ أَتَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ: مِمَّنِ اشْتَرَيْتَهَا؟ قَالَ: مِنْ أَهْلِهَا. قَالَ: فَهَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُهَا - لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ - أَبِعْتُمُوهُ شَيْئًا؟ قَالُوا: لَا. قَالَ: اذْهَبْ فَاطْلُبْ مَالَكَ.
Bukayr bin Amir narrates from Amir (may Allah have mercy on him) that Utbah bin Farqad (may Allah be pleased with him) bought kharaj land, then came and informed Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). He asked: From whom did you buy it? He said: From its owners. He said: These (the Muslims) are its owners. (Then he asked the Muslims:) Did you sell him anything? They said: No. He said: Go and take your money back.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا قَيْسٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ، قَالَ: اشْتَرَيْتُ عَشَرَةَ أَجْرِبَةٍ مِنْ أَرْضِ السَّوَادِ عَلَى شَاطِئِ الْفُرَاتِ لِقَضْبِ دَوَابَّ، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: اشْتَرَيْتَهَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهَا؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: رُحْ إِلِيَّ. قَالَ: فَرُحْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا هَؤُلَاءِ، أَبِعْتُمُوهُ شَيْئًا؟ قَالُوا: لَا. قَالَ: ابْتَغِ مَالَكَ حَيْثُ وَضَعْتَهُ.
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Utbah bin Farqad (may Allah be pleased with him): I bought ten acres of the land of the Sawad on the bank of the Euphrates. When it was mentioned before Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), he asked: Did you buy it from those landowners? I said: Yes. He said: Come to me. I went to him, and he said (to them): Did you sell him anything? They said: No. He said: Take back your money from where you placed it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا حَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ: أَسْلَمَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَهَرِ الْمَلِكِ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَوْ كَتَبَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ أَرْضَهَا وَأَدَّتْ مَا عَلَى أَرْضِهَا فَخَلُّوا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ أَرْضِهَا، وَإِلَّا خَلُّوا بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَبَيْنَ أَرَضِيهِمْ.
Tariq bin Shihab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: A woman from the people of Nahr (al-Malik) became Muslim, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote: If she chooses her land and pays the tax on it, give her the land; otherwise, remove her from the land.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ ⦗٢٣٩⦘ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ وَعَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا إِذَا أَسْلَمَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ تَرَكَاهُ يَقُومُ بِخَرَاجِهِ فِي أَرْضِهِ.
Abu Awn al-Thaqafi said: When men of the people of the Sawad accepted Islam, Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) would leave them, saying: Let them remain on their land and keep paying the kharaj.
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، ثنا شَرِيكٌ، وَقَيْسٌ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: أَسْلَمَ الرَّقِيلُ فَأَعْطَاهُ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَرْضَهُ بِخَرَاجِهَا وَفَرَضَ لَهُ أَلْفَيْنِ.
Jabir narrates from Amir: Al-Raqil accepted Islam, so Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave him his land with its kharaj and fixed a stipend of two thousand for him.
قَالَ: وَثَنَا يَحْيَى، ثنا قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى سَعْدٍ يُقْطِعُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ أَرْضًا فَأَقْطَعَهُ أَرْضًا لِبَنِي الرَّقِيلِ، فَأَتَى ابْنُ الرَّقِيلِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَامَ صَالَحْتُمُونَا؟ قَالَ: عَلَى أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا إِلَيْنَا الْجِزْيَةَ وَلَكُمْ أَرْضُكُمْ وَأَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ. قَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَقَطَعْتَ أَرْضِي لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ. قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ إِلَى سَعْدٍ رُدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَرْضَهُ، ثُمَّ دَعَاهُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَأَسْلَمَ فَفَرَضَ لَهُ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ سَبْعَمِائَةٍ وَجَعَلَ عَطَاءَهُ فِي خَثْعَمٍ، وَقَالَ: إِنْ أَقَمْتَ فِي أَرْضِكَ أَدَّيْتَ عَنْهَا مَا كُنْتَ تُؤَدِّي. وَهَذَا فِي إِسْنَادِهِ ضِعْفٌ، فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ كَانَ قَوْلُهُ: وَلَكُمْ أَرْضُكُمْ، مَحْمُولًا عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ وَلَكُمْ أَرْضُكُمُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ لَكُمْ تَزْرَعُونَهَا وَتُعْطُونَ خَرَاجَهَا، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أُخِذَ عَنْوَةً إِلَّا تَرَكَهُ لَمْ يَسْقُطْ عَنْهُ خَرَاجُهَا حِينَ أَسْلَمَ، وَفِي الصُّلْحِ يَسْقُطُ.
A shaykh of Banu Zuhrah narrates from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he wrote to Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) to grant Sayyiduna Sa'id bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) some land, so he granted him the land of Banu al-Raqil. Ibn al-Raqil came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: O Commander of the Believers! On what terms did you make peace with us? He said: That you pay the jizyah, and your land, wealth and children remain with you. He said: O Commander of the Believers! Have you given my land to Sa'id bin Zayd? So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him): Return his land to him. Then he invited him to Islam and he became Muslim; Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed a stipend of seven hundred for him, placed his stipend among the tribe of Khath'am, and said: If you stay on your land, keep paying as much as you used to pay.
There is weakness in its chain.
(b) If it is established, then this saying, "and your land remains yours," means "the land which you cultivate and on which you pay the tax," and this land had been taken from them by force. Note that even after his becoming Muslim the kharaj did not end, whereas in land of a peace treaty it drops.
There is weakness in its chain.
(b) If it is established, then this saying, "and your land remains yours," means "the land which you cultivate and on which you pay the tax," and this land had been taken from them by force. Note that even after his becoming Muslim the kharaj did not end, whereas in land of a peace treaty it drops.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ فَضَعْ عَنْ أَرْضِي الْخَرَاجَ. فَقَالَ: أَلَا إِنَّ أَرْضَكَ أُخِذَتْ عَنْوَةً. قَالَ: وَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَرْضَ كَذَا وَكَذَا يُطِيقُونَ مِنَ الْخَرَاجِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِمْ. فَقَالَ: لَا سَبِيلَ إِلَيْهِمْ إِنَّمَا صَالَحْنَاهُمْ صُلْحًا.
Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A man came to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: I have accepted Islam, so remove the tax. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: No, your land was taken by fighting. The narrator said: Another man came (and said) that the people of such-and-such land are able to pay more kharaj. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We made peace with them on this.
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ سَيَّارٍ أَبِي الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ، قَالَ: أَسْلَمَ دُهْقَانٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ فِي عَهْدِ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنْ أَقَمْتَ فِي أَرْضِكَ رَفَعْنَا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ رَأْسِكَ وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْ أَرْضِكَ، وَإِنْ تَحَوَّلْتَ عَنْهَا فَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِهَا.
Al-Zubayr bin Adi said: In the time of Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), a dihqan (local landlord) from the people of the Sawad accepted Islam. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: If you remain on your land, we will remove your jizyah and collect the tax on your land; and if you move away from it, we have more right to that land.
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، قَالَ: ⦗٢٤٠⦘ أَسْلَمَ دُهْقَانٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ عَيْنِ التَّمْرِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَمَّا جِزْيَةُ رَأْسِكَ فَنَرْفَعُهَا، وَأَمَّا أَرْضُكَ فَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَرَضْنَا لَكَ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ جَعَلْنَاكَ قَهْرَمَانًا لَنَا، فَمَا أَخْرَجَ اللهُ مِنْهَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَتَيْتَنَا بِهِ.
Abu Awn said: A dihqan (local landlord) from the people of Ayn al-Tamr became Muslim, and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We remove your jizyah, and your land will be for the Muslims. If you wish, we will fix a stipend for you, and if you wish, we will make you our steward (qahraman). Whatever Allah, the Lord of Might, brings forth from it, you will bring to us.
