السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: بيع السبي من أهل الشرك
Selling captives to the polytheists
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: سَبَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نِسَاءَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَذَرَارِيَّهُمْ وَبَاعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَاشْتَرَى أَبُو الشَّحْمِ الْيَهُودِيُّ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ، عَجُوزًا وَوَلَدَهَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا بَقِيَ مِنَ السَّبْيِ أَثْلَاثًا، ثُلُثًا إِلَى تِهَامَةَ، وَثُلُثًا إِلَى نَجْدٍ، وَثُلُثًا إِلَى طَرِيقِ الشَّامِ، فَبِيعُوا بِالْخَيْلِ وَالسِّلَاحِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَالْمَالِ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took the women and children of Banu Qurayzah captive and sold them to the polytheists. Abu al-Shahm the Jew bought an old woman and her child from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and (the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)) divided the remaining captives into three parts: he sent one third to Tihamah, one third to Najd and one third towards Syria, and they were sold in exchange for horses, weapons, camels and wealth.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فِي قِصَّةِ قُرَيْظَةَ قَالَ: ثُمَّ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَعْدَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ أَخَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ بِسَبَايَا بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ إِلَى نَجْدٍ، فَابْتَاعَ لَهُمْ بِهِمْ خَيْلًا وَسِلَاحًا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَذَلِكَ النِّسَاءُ الْبَوَالِغُ قَدِ اسْتَوْهَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَارِيَةً بَالِغَةً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَفَدَى بِهَا رَجُلَيْنِ.
Ibn Ishaq narrates regarding the story of Qurayzah that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him), the brother of Banu Abd al-Ashhal, with the captives of Banu Qurayzah towards Najd, (saying): "Buy horses and weapons in exchange for them."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Likewise adult women: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked his Companions to give him an adult slave girl, and he ransomed two men with her.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Likewise adult women: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked his Companions to give him an adult slave girl, and he ransomed two men with her.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا عِكْرِمَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي إِيَاسُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَغَزَوْنَا فَزَارَةَ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ أَمَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَعَرَّسْنَا، فَلَمَّا صَلَّيْنَا الصُّبْحَ أَمَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَشَنَنَّا الْغَارَةَ فَنَزَلْنَا عَلَى الْمَاءِ، قَالَ سَلَمَةُ فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى عُنُقٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ فِيهِمُ الذُّرِّيَّةُ وَالنِّسَاءُ، فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَسْبِقُونِي إِلَى الْجَبَلِ فَأَخَذْتُ آثَارَهُمْ فَرَمَيْتُ بِسَهْمٍ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْجَبَلِ، فَقَامُوا فَجِئْتُ أَسُوقُهُمْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَفِيهِمُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ عَلَيْهَا قَشْعٌ مِنْ أَدَمٍ وَمَعَهَا ابْنَةٌ لَهَا مِنْ أَحْسَنِ الْعَرَبِ فَنَفَلَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ابْنَتَهَا، فَمَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا ثَوْبًا حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَمْ أَكْشِفْ لَهَا ثَوْبًا، وَلَقِيَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي السُّوقِ فَقَالَ: " يَا سَلَمَةُ هَبْ لِي الْمَرْأَةَ ". قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَقَدْ أَعْجَبَتْنِي وَمَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا ثَوْبًا حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَرَكَنِي، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ لَقِيَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي السُّوقِ، فَقَالَ لِي: " يَا سَلَمَةُ هَبْ لِيَ الْمَرْأَةَ لِلَّهِ أَبُوكَ ". قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَقَدْ أَعْجَبَتْنِي، وَاللهِ مَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا ثَوْبًا وَهِيَ لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ. قَالَ: فَبَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ فَفَدَى بِهَا رِجَالًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ. ⦗٢١٨⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ صِلَةَ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ بِالْمَالِ وَإِطْعَامَهُمُ الطَّعَامَ أَلَيْسَ بِأَقْوَى لَهُمْ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْحَالِاتِ مِنْ بَيْعِ عَبْدٍ أَوْ عَبْدَيْنِ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَدْ أَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ أُمِّي أَتَتْنِي وَهِيَ رَاغِبَةٌ فِي عَهْدِ قُرَيْشٍ أَفَأَصِلُهَا؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ "..
Iyas bin Salamah bin al-Akwa' narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Salamah bin al-Akwa', may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: We set out with our commander Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had appointed over us. We went on a campaign against Banu Fazarah. When we drew near their water, we camped for the night at the order of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). When we had prayed the morning prayer, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered the attack, and we came down upon the water. Sayyiduna Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I saw a group of people on a high place, among them children and women. I feared that they would reach the mountain before me, so I went after them and shot an arrow between them and the mountain, and they stood still. I brought them to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Among them was a woman of Banu Fazarah wearing a garment of leather, and with her was her daughter, one of the most beautiful of the Arabs. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave me her daughter as an extra share. I did not uncover her garment until I came to Madinah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) met me in the market and said: "O Salamah, give the woman to me." I said: O Messenger of Allah, she pleases me, and I have not even lifted her garment. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fell silent and left me. The next day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) met me again in the market and said: "O Salamah, give the woman to me, 'lillahi darru abik' (how excellent your father is)!" I said: O Messenger of Allah, she pleases me, and by Allah, I have still not lifted her garment. O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), she is yours. The narrator said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent her to the people of Makkah and in exchange for her freed many Muslims who were in their hands.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Do you not see that giving wealth to the people at war and feeding them food is, in many situations, of greater strength to them than selling them one or two slaves?
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave permission to Sayyidah Asma' bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with her) when she said: My mother has come to me, and she is a polytheist; shall I maintain ties with her? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Do you not see that giving wealth to the people at war and feeding them food is, in many situations, of greater strength to them than selling them one or two slaves?
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave permission to Sayyidah Asma' bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with her) when she said: My mother has come to me, and she is a polytheist; shall I maintain ties with her? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَتْ: أَتَتْنِي أُمِّي رَاغِبَةً فِي عَهْدِ قُرَيْشٍ فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَصِلُهَا؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ " أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَأَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَكَسَا ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ مُشْرِكًا بِمَكَّةَ.
Sayyidah Asma' bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with her) said: My mother came to me, desiring (my kindness), during the period of the treaty with Quraysh. I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about maintaining ties with her, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes, maintain ties with her."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave permission to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) to clothe a polytheist relative of his in Makkah.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave permission to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) to clothe a polytheist relative of his in Makkah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ رَأَى حُلَّةً سِيَرَاءَ عِنْدَ بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَوِ اشْتَرَيْتَ هَذِهِ فَلَبِسْتَهَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَلِلْوُفُودِ إِذَا قَدِمُوا عَلَيْكَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّمَا يَلْبَسُ هَذِهِ مَنْ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ ". ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْهَا حُلَلٌ فَأَعْطَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِنْهَا حُلَّةً، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَسَوْتَنِيهَا وَقَدْ قُلْتَ فِي حُلَّةِ عُطَارِدَ مَا قُلْتَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنِّي لَمْ أَكْسُكَهَا لِتَلْبَسَهَا ". فَكَسَاهَا عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَخًا لَهُ مُشْرِكًا بِمَكَّةَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مَالِكٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا} [الإنسان: ٨].
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) saw a striped silk robe near the door of the mosque and said: O Messenger of Allah, if only you (peace and blessings be upon him) would buy it and wear it for Friday and for the delegations! He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is worn only by those who have no share in the Hereafter." Then some robes came to him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave one robe to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, you have clothed me in a robe, although you said what you said about the robe of Utarid? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I did not give it to you to wear." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave it to his polytheist brother who was in Makkah.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Allah Almighty says: "And they give food, out of love for Allah, to the poor, the orphan and the captive." [Surah al-Insan: 8]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Allah Almighty says: "And they give food, out of love for Allah, to the poor, the orphan and the captive." [Surah al-Insan: 8]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ الْبَتِّيِّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا} [الإنسان: ٨] قَالَ: كَانُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ.
Al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning this saying: "And they give food, out of love for Allah, to the poor, the orphans and the captives" [Surah al-Insan: 8], meaning (the captives) from the polytheists.
