السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الأشربة والحد فيها
Book of Drinks and the Punishment for Them
باب: أخذ الولي بالولي
Holding one kinsman liable for another
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ الْعَدْلُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِيَادِ بْنِ لَقِيطٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إِيَادُ بْنُ لَقِيطٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رِمْثَةَ، قَالَ: انْطَلَقْتُ مَعَ أَبِي نَحْوَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ أَبِي وَجَلَسْنَا سَاعَةً فَتَحَدَّثْنَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَبِي: " ابْنُكَ هَذَا؟ " قَالَ: إِي وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ، قَالَ: " حَقًّا؟ " قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ بِهِ، قَالَ: فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ضَاحِكًا مِنْ ثَبْتِ شَبَهِي بِأَبِي، وَمَنْ حَلِفِ أَبِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ، ⦗٥٩٩⦘ قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَا إِنَّ ابْنَكَ هَذَا لَا يَجْنِي عَلَيْكَ، وَلَا تَجْنِي عَلَيْهِ " قَالَ: وَقَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: {أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى} [النجم: ٣٨] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {هَذَا نَذِيرٌ مِنَ النُّذُرِ الْأُولَى} [النجم: ٥٦].
Sayyiduna Abu Rimthah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came with my father to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). We greeted him and sat down, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is this your son?" My father said: Yes, by the Lord of the Ka'bah! He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Truly?" He said: I bear witness to it. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) smiled, because I closely resembled my father and he was also swearing an oath to it. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Your son will not be seized for your crime, nor you for your son's." Then he recited this verse: "That no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another" [Surah al-Najm: 38], up to: "This is a warner like the warners of old" [Surah al-Najm: 56].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا قَبِيصَةُ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ زَهْدَمٍ الْحَنْظَلِيِّ، قَالَ: قَدِمْنَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: " يَدُ الْمُعْطِي الْعُلْيَا، ابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ: أُمَّكَ، وَأَبَاكَ، وَأُخْتَكَ، وَأَخَاكَ، ثُمَّ أَدْنَاكَ أَدْنَاكَ " فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَؤُلَاءِ بَنُو ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ يَرْبُوعٍ الَّذِينَ أَصَابُوا فُلَانًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَهَتَفَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَلَا إِنَّهَا لَا تَجْنِي نَفْسٌ عَلَى أُخْرَى ".
Tha'labah bin Zahdam al-Hanzali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); a group of Banu Tamim was also (there). We went towards him while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was saying: "The giving hand is the upper one. Give first to your dependants: your mother, your father, your sisters, your brothers, then likewise to those next to them." A man of the Ansar stood up and said: "O Messenger of Allah! These Banu Tha'labah bin Yarbu' killed a man in the Jahiliyyah." He (peace and blessings be upon him) rebuked him and said: "They will not be punished for what someone else did."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَوْسٍ، قَالَ: " كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُؤْخَذُ بِذَنْبِ غَيْرِهِ، حَتَّى جَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، فَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى} [النجم: ٣٨] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي سَمِعْتُ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى} [النجم: ٣٨] أَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذَ أَحَدٌ بِذَنْبِ غَيْرِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَزَى الْعِبَادَ عَلَى أَعْمَالِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ لَا يَجْنِي أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ فِي مَالٍ إِلَّا حَيْثُ خَصَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأَنَّ جِنَايَةَ الْخَطَأِ مِنَ الْحُرِّ مِنَ الْآدَمِيِّينَ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ.
Amr bin Aws (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Before Ibrahim (peace be upon him), a man would be seized even for a sin committed by someone else. After Ibrahim (peace be upon him) came, this command was given: "And (in the scriptures of) Ibrahim, who fulfilled (his duty): that no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another" [Surah al-Najm: 37-38].
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is precisely the meaning of this statement of Allah Almighty: that no one will be seized for another's crime, because every servant will be recompensed for his own deeds. Likewise in wealth, each person is liable for himself. However, in accidental killing the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) "placed the blood-money of a free man upon his paternal kin ('asabah)".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is precisely the meaning of this statement of Allah Almighty: that no one will be seized for another's crime, because every servant will be recompensed for his own deeds. Likewise in wealth, each person is liable for himself. However, in accidental killing the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) "placed the blood-money of a free man upon his paternal kin ('asabah)".
