السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: طعام الفجأة
Food come upon unexpectedly
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قَالَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: وَنَهَى عَنْ طَعَامِ الْفَجْأَةِ، وَلَقَدْ فَاجَأَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ عَلَى طَعَامِهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ بِأَكْلِهِ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ خَاصًّا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: أَنَا لَا أَحْفَظُ حَدِيثَ النَّهْيِ عَنْ طَعَامِ الْفَجْأَةِ هَكَذَا مِنْ وَجْهٍ يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ وَالَّذِي أَحْفَظُهُ مِمَّا فِي بَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ.
Abu al-Abbas said: "And he (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade arriving unexpectedly at a meal (without an invitation); and Sayyiduna Abu al-Darda' (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived unexpectedly at his (peace and blessings be upon him) meal, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to eat; and this was particular to him (peace and blessings be upon him)."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I do not know the hadith forbidding arriving unexpectedly at a meal in this form through any chain the like of which is established; what I know is among the reports that carry part of its meaning."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I do not know the hadith forbidding arriving unexpectedly at a meal in this form through any chain the like of which is established; what I know is among the reports that carry part of its meaning."
مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا دُرُسْتُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ طَارِقٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ دُعِيَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ، فَقَدْ عَصَى اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَى غَيْرِ دَعْوَةٍ دَخَلَ سَارِقًا وَخَرَجَ مُغِيرًا " وَهَذَا وَرَدَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَدْخُلُ عَلَى آخَرَ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَأْكُلُ لِيَأْكُلَ مَعَهُ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ حَدِيثٌ بِنَفْيِ التَّخْصِيصِ الَّذِي تَوَهَّمَهُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ فِي طَعَامِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي قِصَّةِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ.
Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever is invited and does not accept has disobeyed Allah and the Messenger, and whoever enters without an invitation enters as a thief and leaves as a raider."
This was said concerning a man who goes in to another, knowing that he is eating, in order to eat with him. And a hadith has been narrated that negates the special exemption that Abu al-Abbas imagined regarding the meal of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the story of Abu al-Darda'.
This was said concerning a man who goes in to another, knowing that he is eating, in order to eat with him. And a hadith has been narrated that negates the special exemption that Abu al-Abbas imagined regarding the meal of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the story of Abu al-Darda'.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ النَّسَوِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الْعُكْبَرِيُّ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، أنا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " أَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمًا مِنْ شِعْبِ الْجَبَلِ، وَقَدْ قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا تَمْرٌ عَلَى تُرْسٍ أَوْ جَحْفَةٍ، فَدَعَوْنَاهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَكَلَ مَعَنَا وَمَا مَسَّ مَاءً " أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: One day the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went towards Shi'b al-Jabal (the mountain pass); he (peace and blessings be upon him) relieved himself, and there were dates lying on our iron or leather shield. We invited him (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) ate with us and did not touch water.
وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَأْكُلُونَ تَمْرًا عَلَى تُرْسٍ قَالَ: " فَمَرَّ بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ، فَقُلْنَا: هَلُمَّ فَقَعَدَ فَأَكَلَ مَعَنَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَلَمْ يَمَسَّ مَاءً " أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، أنبأ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ أَعْيَنَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ فَذَكَرَهُ.
It is also narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that they were eating dates on a shield. He said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by us, having come from relieving himself, so we said: 'Come!' So he (peace and blessings be upon him) sat down and ate the dates with us, and did not touch water."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، نا مُسَدَّدٌ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي زُبَيْدٌ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ السَّكَنِ، أَنَّ الْأَشْعَثَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ، دَخَلَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَهُوَ يَأْكُلُ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ ادْنُهْ تَأْكُلْ، فَقَالَ: " إِنِّي صَائِمٌ قَالَ: كُنَّا نَصُومُهُ، ثُمَّ تُرِكَ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى وَفِي هَذَا أَخْبَارٌ كَثِيرَةٌ وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَنْفِي التَّخْصِيصَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna al-Ash'ath bin Qays (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) on the day of Ashura while he was eating. He said: O Abu Muhammad! Come near and eat. He said: I am fasting. He said: We too used to fast (on this day), then it was abandoned.
There are many reports on this, and all of them negate the special exemption; and Allah knows best.
There are many reports on this, and all of them negate the special exemption; and Allah knows best.
