السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما أبيح له من أربعة أخماس الفيء وخمس خمس الفيء والغنيمة
Four fifths of the fay' and a fifth of the fifth of the fay' and the spoils of war being permitted to him (peace and blessings be upon him)
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ إِلِيَّ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَدَعَانِي، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ عَلَى رِمَالٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا مَالِكُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ نَزَلَ عَلَيْنَا ⦗٩٤⦘ دَوَافٌّ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ، فَخُذْ هَذَا الْمَالَ، فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلِذَلِكَ غَيْرِي؟ فَقَالَ: خُذْهَا عَنْكَ أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ فَجَلَسْتُ، فَجَاءَ يَرْفَأُ، فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَطَلْحَةَ، وَالزُّبَيْرِ، وَسَعْدٍ؟ قَالَ: قُلْ لَهُمْ فَلْيَدْخُلُوا، فَدَخَلُوا، فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قُلْ لَهُمَا فَلْيَدْخُلَا، فَدَخَلَا وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يُكَلِّمُ صَاحِبَهُ، فَلَمَّا جَلَسُوا، قَالُوا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَارْحَمْهُمَا قَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمَا اللهَ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ عَلِمْتُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِنَّا لَا نُوَرَّثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ "؟ يَعْنِي، فَقَالَا: نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ لِلْآخَرِينَ، فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: وَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ كَانَتْ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ، مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَيْهِ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ، " فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَالِصَةً يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ، وَمَا بَقِيَ جَعَلَهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عِدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، ثُمَّ هِيَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَاصَّةً " أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ مُخْتَصَرًا.
It is narrated from Malik bin Aws that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sent a man to me. I came to him while he was sitting on a mat of woven palm leaves. He said: "O Malik, people of your tribe have come hurrying to me; take this wealth and distribute it among them." I said: O Commander of the Faithful, appoint someone other than me for this. He said: "O man, take it." I sat down, and his servant Yarfa' came and said: Abd al-Rahman, Talhah, al-Zubayr and Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with them) have come; may they enter? Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Tell them to come in," and they came in. Then Yarfa' came and said: Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) are here too; may they also enter? He said: "Tell them to come in." The two of them came in, and each of them was speaking about the other. When they sat down, they (the others) said: O Commander of the Faithful, judge between them and have mercy on them. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I adjure you both by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity (sadaqah)"? They said: Yes. Then he asked the other people, and they too answered yes. Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The properties of Banu al-Nadir, which Allah Almighty gave to His Messenger, were such that the Muslims did not spur on horses or riding camels against them, and that portion was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He would spend from it on his family as a year's provision, and whatever remained he would put towards horses and weapons as preparation for jihad in the path of Allah. Then that portion was specific to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ فِيمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ قَالَ: " كَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثُ صَفَايَا بَنُو النَّضِيرِ وَخَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكُ، فَأَمَّا بَنُو النَّضِيرِ، فَكَانَتْ حُبُسًا لِنَوَائِبِهِ، وَأَمَّا فَدَكُ، فَكَانَتْ حُبُسًا لِابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ، فَجَزَّأَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ جُزْئَيْنِ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَجُزْءًا لِنَفَقَةِ أَهْلِهِ فَمَا فَضَلَ عَنْ نَفَقَةِ أَهْلِهِ جَعَلَهُ بَيْنَ فُقَرَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَأَمَّا الْخُمُسُ، فَالْآيَةُ نَاطِقَةٌ بِهِ مَعَ مَا رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ قَسْمِ الْفَيْءِ، وَاللهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) that when Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave his judgement, he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had three kinds of properties: the property of Banu al-Nadir, Khaybar and Fadak. The property of Banu al-Nadir was for use in emergencies, the property of Fadak was for travellers, and the property of Khaybar he divided into three parts: two parts for the Muslims and the third part for the expenses of his family; if anything was left over from their needs, he would distribute it among the poor Muslims.
