السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: ميراث الحمل
The inheritance of an unborn child
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ الْمَوْلُودُ وَرِثَ " وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ، وَزَادَ مَوْصُولًا بِالْحَدِيثِ: " تِلْكَ طَعْنَةُ الشَّيْطَانِ، كُلُّ بَنِي آدَمَ نَائِلٌ مِنْهُ تِلْكَ الطَّعْنَةَ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ مَرْيَمَ وَابْنِهَا؛ فَإِنَّهَا لَمَّا وَضَعَتْهَا أُمُّهَا قَالَتْ {إِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ} [آل عمران: ٣٦]، فَضُرِبَ دُونَهَا بِحِجَابٍ فَطَعَنَ فِيهِ "، يَعْنِي فِي الْحِجَابِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كُلُّ بَنِي آدَمَ يَطْعَنُ الشَّيْطَانُ فِي جَنْبِهِ حِينَ تَلِدُهُ أُمُّهُ، إِلَّا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ ذَهَبَ يَطْعَنُ فَطَعَنَ فِي الْحِجَابِ " قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: رَأَيْتُ هَذِهِ الصَّرْخَةَ الَّتِي يَصْرِخُهَا الصَّبِيُّ حِينَ تَلِدُهُ أُمُّهُ، فَإِنَّهَا مِنْهَا.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the newborn cries out, he will be made an heir."
In one narration the wording is: "That is the jab of Satan; every one of the children of Adam receives it, except Maryam and her son, because when she was born her mother said: 'And I seek refuge for her with You, and for her offspring, from Satan the accursed' [Surah Al Imran: 36], so Satan jabbed at her through a veil."
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Satan jabs every child of Adam in his side when his mother gives birth to him, except Isa son of Maryam; he (Satan) went to jab him, but jabbed the veil." Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I have seen this scream that the child lets out when his mother gives birth to him; it is from that (jab of Satan).
In one narration the wording is: "That is the jab of Satan; every one of the children of Adam receives it, except Maryam and her son, because when she was born her mother said: 'And I seek refuge for her with You, and for her offspring, from Satan the accursed' [Surah Al Imran: 36], so Satan jabbed at her through a veil."
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Satan jabs every child of Adam in his side when his mother gives birth to him, except Isa son of Maryam; he (Satan) went to jab him, but jabbed the veil." Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I have seen this scream that the child lets out when his mother gives birth to him; it is from that (jab of Satan).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، حَدَّثَنِي الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: " مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ لَا يَرِثَ الْمَنْفُوسُ وَلَا يُورَثُ، حَتَّى يَسْتَهِلَّ صَارِخًا " كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ، وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا يَرِثُ الصَّبِيُّ إِذَا لَمْ يَسْتَهِلَّ، وَالِاسْتِهْلَالُ: الصِّيَاحُ أَوِ الْعُطَاسُ أَوِ الْبُكَاءُ وَلَا يُكْمَلُ دِيَتُهُ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ: لَا يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ مَوْقُوفًا وَمَرْفُوعًا، وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْجَنَائِزِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that it is established from the Sunnah that a newborn neither inherits nor is inherited from until it cries out. I found it like this; and Yahya bin Sa'id narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The child does not inherit until it cries out," and al-istihlal means: "shouting, sneezing or crying," and his blood money will not be paid in full. Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) said: No funeral prayer is to be offered over him.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ: إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فِي الْأَوْسَاقِ الَّتِي نَحَلَهَا إِيَّاهَا: " فَلَوْ كُنْتِ جَدَدْتِيهِ أَوِ حُزْتِيهِ كَانَ لَكِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ الْيَوْمَ مَالُ الْوَارِثِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُمْ أَخَوَاكِ وَأُخْتَاكِ؛ فَاقْتَسِمُوهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ "، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: وَاللهِ يَا أَبَتِ لَوْ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا لَتَرَكْتُهُ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَسْمَاءُ، فَمَنِ الْأُخْرَى؟ قَالَ: " ذُو بَطْنِ بِنْتِ خَارِجَةَ، أُرَاهَا جَارِيَةً ".
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), said that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said regarding the wasqs (of dates) which he had given to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "If you had cut them and taken possession of them, they would be yours; otherwise, from today they are the property of the heirs, and they are your two brothers and two sisters, so divide it according to the Book of Allah." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "By Allah, O my father! If it were such and such, I would have left it. There is only one sister, Asma (may Allah be pleased with her); who is the other?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The one in the womb of the daughter of Kharijah; I think she is a girl."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ كَامِلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُسْتَمْلِي، وَأَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَا: أنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ سَعْدٍ بِنْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، امْرَأَةِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ قَالَتْ: رَجَعَ إِلِيَّ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ: " إِنْ كَانَتْ لَكِ حَاجَةٌ أَنْ نُكَلِّمَهُ فِي مِيرَاثِكِ مِنْ أَبِيكِ؛ فَإِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَدْ وَرَّثَ الْحَمْلَ الْيَوْمَ "، وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ سَعْدٍ حَامِلًا مَقْتَلَ أَبِيهَا سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَعْدٍ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأَطْلُبَ مِنْ إِخْوَتِي شَيْئًا.
The wife of Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: One day Zayd bin Thabit came to me and said: If you have a need, shall we speak to him about your inheritance from your father? For the Commander of the Believers, Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), has made the unborn child an heir. And Umm Sa'd was in the womb at the time her father was killed. Umm Sa'd said: I will not take anything from my sisters.
