السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
باب: جواز السلم الحال قاله عطاء بن أبي رباح
The permissibility of an immediate salam, as stated by Ata bin Abi Rabah
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وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْأَزْهَرِ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ يَعْنِي الْقَطَوَانِيَّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتِ: اشْتَرَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَزُورًا مِنْ أَعْرَابِيٍّ بِوَسْقِ تَمْرِ عَجْوَةٍ، فَطَلَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِهِ تَمْرًا، فَلَمْ يَجِدْهُ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلْأَعْرَابِيِّ، فَصَاحَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ: وَاغَدْرَاهُ فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: بَلْ أَنْتَ يَا عَدُوَّ اللهِ أَغْدَرُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " دَعُوهُ؛ فَإِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالًا "، فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ حَكِيمٍ، وَبَعَثَ بِالْأَعْرَابِيِّ مَعَ الرَّسُولِ، فَقَالَ: " قُلْ لَهَا إِنِّي ابْتَعْتُ هَذَا الْجَزُورَ مِنْ هَذَا الْأَعْرَابِيِّ بِوَسْقِ تَمْرِ عَجْوَةٍ، فَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِي، فَأَسْلِفِينِي وَسْقَ تَمْرِ عَجْوَةٍ لِهَذَا الْأَعْرَابِيِّ "، فَلَمَّا قَبَضَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ حَقَّهُ رَجَعَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " قَبَضْتَ؟ " قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَأَوْفَيْتَ وَأَطَيَبْتَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أُولَئِكَ خِيَارُ النَّاسِ الْمُوفُونَ الْمُطَيِّبُونَ " وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْأَزْهَرِ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي أَسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، وَرُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُخْتَصَرًا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) bought a camel from a Bedouin for one wasq of Ajwah dates. He (peace and blessings be upon him) had his household checked for dates, but there was nothing in the house, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) told the Bedouin that the dates could not be found for now. The Bedouin cried out: "Alas, treachery!" The Companions replied to him: "O enemy of Allah! You are the treacherous one." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave him, for the one who is owed something speaks this way." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent one of his men to Khawlah bint Hakim (may Allah be pleased with her), and sent the Bedouin along with him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) told his messenger to say to Khawlah: "I have bought this camel from this Bedouin for one wasq of Ajwah dates, and no dates were found in my house; give this Bedouin one wasq of Ajwah dates on my behalf as a loan (salaf)." So when the Bedouin had received his due, he returned to him (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Did you receive the dates?" He said: "Yes! You have given the full measure." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Those are the best of people who fulfil their promise in full and give the full measure."
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ إِمْلَاءً، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ جَامِعِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَرَّ بِسُوقِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ، وَأَنَا فِي بَيَاعَةٍ لِي، فَمَرَّ وَعَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ حَمْرَاءُ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، قُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، تُفْلِحُوا " وَرَجُلٌ يَتَّبِعُهُ يَرْمِيهِ بِالْحِجَارَةِ قَدْ أَدْمَى كَعْبَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، لَا تُطِيعُوا هَذَا؛ فَإِنَّهُ كَذَّابٌ، فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ فَقِيلَ: هَذَا غُلَامٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَقُلْتُ: فَمَنْ هَذَا يَرْمِيهِ بِالْحِجَارَةِ؟ قِيلَ: عَمُّهُ عَبْدُ الْعُزَّى أَبُو لَهَبِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَلَمَّا ⦗٣٥⦘ أَظْهَرَ اللهُ الْإِسْلَامَ خَرَجْنَا مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ وَمَعَنَا ظَعِينَةٌ، حَتَّى نَزَلْنَا قَرِيبًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ قُعُودٌ إِذْ أَتَانَا رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ: مِنْ أِيِّ الْقَوْمِ؟ فَقُلْنَا: مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ، وَمَعَنَا جَمَلٌ أَحْمَرُ، فَقَالَ: " تَبِيعُونِي الْجَمَلَ؟ " قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: " بِكَمْ؟ " فَقُلْنَا بِكَذَا وَكَذَا صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، قَالَ: " قَدْ أَخَذْتُهُ " وَمَا اسْتَقْصَى، فَأَخَذَ بِخِطَامِ الْجَمَلِ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ حَتَّى تَوَارَى فِي حِيطَانِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ: تَعْرِفُونَ الرَّجُلَ؟ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ يَعْرِفُهُ، فَلَامَ الْقَوْمُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فَقَالُوا: تُعْطُونَ جَمَلَكُمْ مَنْ لَا تَعْرِفُونَ فَقَالَتِ الظَّعِينَةُ: فَلَا تَلَاوَمُوا، فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا رَجُلًا لَا يَغْدِرُ بِكُمْ، مَا رَأَيْتُ شَيْئًا أَشْبَهَ بِالْقَمِرِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْعَشِيُّ أَتَانَا رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ، أَأَنْتُمُ الَّذِينَ جِئْتُمْ مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ؟ قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: أَنَا رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَهُوَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ هَذَا التَّمْرِ حَتَّى تَشْبَعُوا، وَتَكْتَالُوا حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفُوا، فَأَكَلْنَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ حَتَّى شَبِعْنَا، وَاكْتَلْنَا حَتَّى اسْتَوْفَيْنَا، ثُمَّ قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ مِنَ الْغَدِ، فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَائِمٌ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: " يَدُ الْمُعْطِي الْعُلْيَا، وَابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ، أُمَّكَ وَأَبَاكَ وَأُخْتَكَ وَأَخَاكَ وَأَدْنَاكَ أَدْنَاكَ "، وَثَمَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، هَؤُلَاءِ بَنُو ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ يَرْبُوعٍ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوا فُلَانًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَخُذْ لَنَا بِثَأْرِنَا، فَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ إِبْطَيْهِ فَقَالَ: " لَا تَجْنِي أُمٌّ عَلَى وَلَدٍ، لَا تَجْنِي أُمٌّ عَلَى وَلَدٍ " وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو جَنَابٍ الْكَلْبِيُّ، عَنْ جَامِعِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ.
Sayyiduna Tariq bin Abdullah al-Muharibi (may Allah be pleased with him) relates: I was busy with my trade in Dhu al-Majaz when I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passing by. He was wearing a red hullah (suit of garments). I heard him saying: "O people! Say La ilaha illallah (there is no god but Allah), you will succeed." And a man behind him was throwing stones at him, so that his ankles were bleeding, and he was saying: "O people! Do not obey him, he is a liar." I said: "Who is this?" I was told: "He is a young man of the Banu Abd al-Muttalib." I said: "And who is the one throwing stones at him?" It was said: "That is his uncle, Abd al-Uzza Abu Lahab bin Abd al-Muttalib." Then, when Allah Almighty made Islam prevail, we set out from al-Rabadhah, and with us was a woman. We camped near Madinah. While we were sitting, a man came to us wearing two garments. He greeted us with salam, then he said: "Where have you come from?" We said: "From al-Rabadhah." We had a red camel with us, and he said: "Will you sell it to me?" We said: "Yes." He said: "For how much?" We said: "For so many sa' of dates." He said: "Very well, I take it." He did not bargain over the price; he took hold of the camel's halter and went off, until he disappeared among the walls and orchards of Madinah. We said to one another: "Does any of you know him?" No one knew him. Then we began to blame one another: "You handed over your camel to someone you do not even know!" The woman who was with us said: "Why are you blaming one another? We have seen the face of a man who will never deceive you. I have never seen anything more like the full moon than that face." Then, when evening came, a man came to us and said: "As-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullah (peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah). Are you the ones who came from al-Rabadhah?" We said: "Yes, sir!" He said: "I am the messenger of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to you. He says: 'Eat these dates until you are full, then measure them and take the full measure.'" So we ate the dates, and when we were full we measured them. Then the next morning we set out for Madinah, and we saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) giving a sermon to the people on the pulpit, and I heard him saying: "The giving hand is the upper one. Begin with those you support: your mother and father, your sister and brother, and then the nearest of kin after them; give to them first." There was a Companion from the Ansar (may Allah be pleased with him) there, and he said: "O Messenger of Allah! These are the Banu Tha'labah, who killed so-and-so in the time of ignorance; take revenge for us." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raised both his hands until I saw the whiteness of his armpits, then he said: "A mother does not bear the crime of her child; a mother does not bear the crime of her child."
