السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
باب: من كره صوم الدهر واستحب القصد في العبادة لمن يخاف الضعف على نفسه
Those who disliked perpetual fasting and recommended moderation in worship for one who fears weakness
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا آدَمُ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَكِّيَّ، وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا وَكَانَ لَا يُتَّهَمُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ يَقُولُ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّكَ تَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ وَتَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ " قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " إِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ هَجَمَتْ لَهُ الْعَيْنُ وَنَفِهَتْ لَهُ النَّفْسُ لَا صَامَ مَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ " قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: " فَصُمْ صَوْمَ دَاوُدَ كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا وَلَا يَفِرُّ إِذَا لَاقَى " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ آدَمَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "You fast continually and stand in prayer every night." I said: Yes. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you do that, your eyes will become sunken and your soul will become exhausted. Whoever fasts all year round, none of his fasting will be accepted. Fast three days every month; that is the fasting of the whole year." He said: I said: I have the strength for more than that. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then fast like Dawud (peace be upon him): he would fast one day and not fast the next, and when he met the enemy he would not flee."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أنبأ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيَدَ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَلَمْ أُخْبَرْ أَنَّكَّ تَصُومُ النَّهَارَ وَتَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ؟ " قَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قَالَ: " فَلَا تَفْعَلْ نَمْ وَقُمْ وَصُمْ وَأَفْطِرْ فَإِنَّ لِجَسَدِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ لِعَيْنَيْكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ لِزَوْجِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ لِزَوْرِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ بِحَسْبِكَ أَنْ تَصُومَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ حَسَنَةٍ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا وَإِذَا ذَاكَ صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ " قَالَ: فَشَدَّدْتُ فَشُدِّدَ عَلَيَّ، قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي أَجِدُ قُوَّةً قَالَ: " فَصُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ " قَالَ: فَشَدَّدْتُ فَشُدِّدَ عَلَيَّ قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي أَجِدُ قُوَّةً، قَالَ: " فَصُمْ صِيَامَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَلَا تَزِدْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ " قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ وَمَا كَانَ صِيَامُ نَبِيِّ اللهِ دَاوُدَ؟ قَالَ: " نِصْفُ الدَّهْرِ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "Have I not been informed that you are one who fasts by day and one who stands in prayer by night?" He said: I said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! It is so. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not do so; rather, sleep and stand in prayer, fast and break your fast. Your body has a right over you, your eyes have a right over you, your wife has a right over you, and your guest has a right over you. It is sufficient for you to fast three days every month, for every good deed is (rewarded) tenfold; when you do this, you will be one who fasts perpetually." He said: I was strict, so strictness was imposed on me as well. I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I have the strength. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then fast three days every week." He said: I was strict, so strictness was imposed on me. I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I am able. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then keep the fasts of the Prophet of Allah, Dawud (peace be upon him), and do not exceed that." He said: I said: What were the fasts of the Prophet of Allah, Dawud (peace be upon him)? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Half of the year."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا حِبَّانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنبأ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَلَا تَزِيدَنَّ ⦗٤٩٤⦘ عَلَيْهِ وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ: وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو يَقُولُ بَعْدَ مَا أَدْرَكَهُ الْكِبَرُ يَا لَيْتَنِي قَبِلْتُ رُخْصَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُقَاتِلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ وَحُسَيْنٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ.
Ibn al-Mubarak (may Allah have mercy on him) said that al-Awza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated the same hadith, except that he said: "Do not exceed it," and he added at the end that Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to say after he had grown old: "Would that I had accepted the concession of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ثنا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، ثنا غَيْلَانُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ الْمَعْوَلِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ الزِّمَّانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ كَيْفَ صَوْمُكَ أَوْ كَيْفَ تَصُومُ قَالَ: فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا، فَلَمَّا أَنْ سَكَنَ عَنْهُ الْغَضَبُ سَأَلَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ كَيْفَ صَوْمُكَ أَوْ كَيْفَ تَصُومُ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ؟ قَالَ: " لَا صَامَ وَلَا أَفْطَرَ " أَوْ قَالَ: " مَا صَامَ وَمَا أَفْطَرَ " قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا؟ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " وَمَنْ يطِيقُ ذَلِكَ يَا عُمَرُ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ " قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمًا وَأَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا؟ قَالَ: " ذَاكَ صَوْمُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ " فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ؟ قَالَ: " يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا " قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ ثَلَاثًا مِنَ الشَّهْرِ؟ قَالَ: " ذَاكَ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ " قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ؟ قَالَ: " يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ " قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ؟ قَالَ: " ذَاكَ يَوْمٌ وُلِدْتُ فِيهِ، وَيَوْمٌ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ النُّبُوَّةُ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَبَّانَ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ.
Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that a Bedouin came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Prophet of Allah! How is your fasting, or how do you (peace and blessings be upon him) fast?" The narrator said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent and did not give him any answer. When his (peace and blessings be upon him) anger had subsided, Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: O Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! How do you (peace and blessings be upon him) fast, and tell us about the one who fasts the whole year? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He has neither fasted nor broken his fast." Then he said: O Messenger of Allah! Tell us about the one who fasts two days and breaks his fast one day. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Umar! Who has the strength for that? I would love to do that." He said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! What of the one who fasts one day and breaks his fast one day? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "That is the fasting of Dawud (peace be upon him)." Then he said: O Messenger of Allah! Tell us about the one who fasts the Day of Arafah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It wipes out the sins of one year and of the year before it." Then he said: O Messenger of Allah! Tell us about the one who fasts three days every month. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "That is the fasting of the whole year." Then he said: Tell us about the one who fasts the day of Ashura. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The sins of one year will be forgiven." Then he said: O Messenger of Allah! Tell us about the one who fasts on Monday. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "That is the day on which I was born and on which prophethood was sent down upon me."
