السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
باب: ما يستدل به على نسخ الحديث
Evidence for the abrogation of the hadith
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أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ أَبِي قِمَاشٍ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي ⦗٤٤٦⦘ الْأَشْعَثِ، عَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فَمَرَّ عَلَيَّ رَجُلٌ لِثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ أَوْ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ يَحْتَجِمُ، فَقَالَ: " أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ ".
Sayyiduna Shaddad bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: In the year of the Conquest of Makkah I was with him (peace and blessings be upon him), and on the eighteenth or the seventeenth of Ramadan he (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a man who was being cupped, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The cupper and the cupped have broken their fast."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثِ، عَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَمَانَ الْفَتْحِ فَرَأَى رَجُلًا يَحْتَجِمُ لِثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، فَقَالَ وَهُوَ آخِذٌ بِيَدِي: " أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ ".
Sayyiduna Shaddad bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the year of the Conquest of Makkah when he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a man being cupped; eighteen days of Ramadan had passed. He (peace and blessings be upon him) was holding my hand, and he said: "The cupper and the cupped have broken their fast."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ احْتَجَمَ مُحْرِمًا صَائِمًا " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَمَاعُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُحْرِمًا، وَلَمْ يَصْحَبْهُ مُحْرِمًا قَبْلَ حَجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَذِكْرُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ حِجَامَةَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ، وَحَدِيثُ أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ قَبْلَ حَجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ بِسَنَتَيْنِ فَإِنْ كَانَا ثَابِتَينِ فَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ نَاسِخٌ وَحَدِيثُ " أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ " مَنْسُوخٌ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِسْنَادُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مَعًا مُشْتَبَهٌ وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَمْثَلُهُمَا إِسْنَادًا، فَإِنَ تَوَقَّى رَجُلٌ الْحِجَامَةَ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ احْتِيَاطًا وَلِئَلَّا يُعَرِّضَ صَوْمَهُ أَنْ يَضْعُفَ فَيُفْطِرَ فَإِنِ احْتَجَمَ فَلَا تُفْطِرُهُ الْحِجَامَةُ وَمَعَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ الْقِيَاسُ الَّذِي أَحْفَظُ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالتَّابِعِينَ وَعَامَّةِ الْمَدَنِيِّينَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُفْطِرُ أَحَدٌ بِالْحِجَامَةِ.
Miqsam narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was cupped while in ihram and fasting."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from the year of the Conquest onwards; he (peace and blessings be upon him) was not in ihram on that day, and Ibn Abbas did not accompany him while he was in ihram before the Hajj of Islam. So what Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas mentioned of the cupping of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was in the year of the Hajj of Islam, the year 10 AH, while the hadith "The cupper and the cupped have broken their fast" is from the year 8 AH, two years before the Hajj of Islam. So if both are established, the hadith of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas is the abrogating one and the hadith "The cupper and the cupped have broken their fast" is abrogated.
Imam al-Shafi'i said: The chains of both hadiths are doubtful, and the hadith of Ibn Abbas is the better of the two in its chain. If a man avoids cupping as a precaution, that is more beloved to me, so that he does not expose his fast to his becoming weak and breaking it; but if he is cupped, the cupping does not break his fast. Along with the hadith of Ibn Abbas there is analogy, and what I have preserved from some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the Successors and most of the people of Madinah: that no one breaks his fast through cupping.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from the year of the Conquest onwards; he (peace and blessings be upon him) was not in ihram on that day, and Ibn Abbas did not accompany him while he was in ihram before the Hajj of Islam. So what Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas mentioned of the cupping of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was in the year of the Hajj of Islam, the year 10 AH, while the hadith "The cupper and the cupped have broken their fast" is from the year 8 AH, two years before the Hajj of Islam. So if both are established, the hadith of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas is the abrogating one and the hadith "The cupper and the cupped have broken their fast" is abrogated.
Imam al-Shafi'i said: The chains of both hadiths are doubtful, and the hadith of Ibn Abbas is the better of the two in its chain. If a man avoids cupping as a precaution, that is more beloved to me, so that he does not expose his fast to his becoming weak and breaking it; but if he is cupped, the cupping does not break his fast. Along with the hadith of Ibn Abbas there is analogy, and what I have preserved from some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the Successors and most of the people of Madinah: that no one breaks his fast through cupping.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ ⦗٤٤٧⦘ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: أَوَّلُ مَا كُرِهْتِ الْحِجَامَةُ لِلصَّائِمِ أَنَّ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ احْتَجَمَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فَمَرَّ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " أَفْطَرَ هَذَانِ " ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدُ فِي الْحِجَامَةِ لِلصَّائِمِ وَكَانَ أَنَسٌ يَحْتَجِمُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: كُلُّهُمْ ثِقَاتٌ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ لَهُ عِلَّةً، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ بِلَفْظِ التَّرْخِيصِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى هَذَا فَإِنَّ الْأَغْلَبَ أَنَّ التَّرْخِيصَ يَكُونُ بَعْدَ النَّهْيِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the first case because of which cupping was disliked (for the fasting person) was that Sayyiduna Ja'far bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) was cupped while fasting, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "These two have broken their fast." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) later granted the fasting person a concession to be cupped, and Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) used to be cupped while fasting.
Ali bin Umar al-Daraqutni said: All of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy), and I do not know of any hidden defect ('illah) in it.
Ali bin Umar al-Daraqutni said: All of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy), and I do not know of any hidden defect ('illah) in it.
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَشْعَثِ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِرَجُلٍ وَهُوَ يَحْتَجِمُ عِنْدَ الْحَجَّامِ وَهُوَ يُقْرِضُ رَجُلًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ " قَوْلُهُ: يُقْرِضُ رَجُلًا لَمْ أَكْتُبْهُ إِلَّا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَغَيْرُ يَزِيدَ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثِ عَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ دُونَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ وَأَبُو أَسْمَاءَ الرَّحَبِيُّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ دُونَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a man who was being cupped at the cupper's while he was backbiting another man, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The cupper and the cupped have broken their fast."
His words "while he was backbiting another man" I have recorded only in this hadith. Others besides Yazid narrated it from Abu al-Ash'ath, from Shaddad bin Aws, without this phrase, and Abu Asma' al-Rahabi narrated it from Thawban without this phrase.
His words "while he was backbiting another man" I have recorded only in this hadith. Others besides Yazid narrated it from Abu al-Ash'ath, from Shaddad bin Aws, without this phrase, and Abu Asma' al-Rahabi narrated it from Thawban without this phrase.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ قَالَ: قَالَ نَافِعٌ: كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَحْتَجِمُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ بَعْدُ فَكَانَ يَحْتَجِمُ بِاللَّيْلِ فَلَا أَدْرِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ ذَكَرَهُ أَوْ شَيْءٍ سَمِعَهُ.
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to be cupped while fasting; later he gave that up and used to be cupped at night. I do not know whether it was because of something he remembered or something he heard.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، ثنا شَبَابَةُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ، ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ الْغَازِ، وَأَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ جَمِيعًا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَحْتَجِمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عِنْدَ وَقْتِ الْفِطْرِ.
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he used to be cupped in Ramadan at the time of breaking the fast.
