السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: زكاة الدين إذا كان على معسر أو جاحد.
The zakah of a debt owed by one who is in hardship or who denies it
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: فِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الدَّيْنُ الظَّنُونُ، قَالَ: " يُزَكِّيهِ لِمَا مَضَى إِذَا قَبَضَهُ إِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا ". حَدَّثَنَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ قَوْلُهُ: الظَّنُونُ: هُوَ الَّذِي لَا يَدْرِي صَاحِبُهُ أَيَقْضِيهِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ أَمْ لَا، كَأَنَّهُ الَّذِي لَا يَرْجُوهُ.
Ali bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) related the hadith of Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning a man who is owed a doubtful debt. He said: He pays zakah on it for the past (years) when he receives it, if he is truthful.
Al-zanun means a debt about which its owner does not know whether the debtor will repay it or not, as though he has no hope of it.
Al-zanun means a debt about which its owner does not know whether the debtor will repay it or not, as though he has no hope of it.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ الْعَدَنِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: " زَكُّوا مَا كَانَ فِي أَيْدِيكُمْ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ دَيْنٍ فِي ثِقَةٍ فَهُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَا فِي أَيْدِيكُمْ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ دَيْنٍ ظَنُونٍ فَلَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ ".
Abdullah bin Dinar narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he said: Pay zakah on the wealth that is in your possession; and a debt that is with a reliable person is like what is in your possession; and wealth that is in the form of a doubtful debt has no zakah on it until it is received.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْخَالِقِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٢٥٣⦘ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ خَنْبٍ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيَّ، وَكَانَ عَلَى بَيْتِ مَالِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: " كَانَ النَّاسُ يَأْخُذُونَ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ الزَّكَاةَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ إِذَا خَرَجَتِ الْأَعْطِيَةُ حَبَسَ لَهُمُ الْعُرَفَاءُ دُيُونَهُمْ وَمَا بَقِيَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ أُخْرِجَتْ زَكَاتُهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضُوا ثُمَّ دَايَنَ النَّاسُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دُيُونًا هَالِكَةً فَلَمْ يَكُونُوا يَقْبِضُونَ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ الصَّدَقَةَ إِلَّا مَا نَضَّ مِنْهُ وَلَكِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا قَبَضُوا الدَّيْنَ أَخْرَجُوا عَنْهَا لِمَا مَضَى مِنْهَا ".
Humayd bin Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Abd al-Rahman bin Abd al-Qari (may Allah have mercy on him) was in charge of the treasury of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). He said: People used to take zakah from debts, in this way: when the stipends were issued, the overseers ('urafa') held back people's debts for them, and on whatever remained in their hands the zakah was taken out before they received it. Then, after that, people extended loans that went bad, so they did not take zakah from a debt except what was realised in cash; but when they received the debt, they paid its zakah for the time that had passed.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْعَدْلُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَتَبَ فِي مَالٍ قَبَضَهُ بَعْضُ الْولَاةِ ظُلْمًا يَأْمُرُ بِرَدِّهِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتُؤْخَذُ زَكَاتُهُ لِمَا مَضَى مِنَ السِّنِينَ، ثُمَّ أَعْقَبَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِكِتَابٍ أَنْ لَا تُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا زَكَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ ضِمَارًا. ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: يَعْنِي الْغَائِبَ الَّذِي لَا يُرْجَى.
Ayyub bin Abi Tamimah al-Sakhtiyani (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote, concerning wealth that some governors had seized, that it should be returned to its owners and its zakah taken for the years that had passed. Then, after that, he sent another letter saying that only a single zakah should be taken from it, because it was dimar; and this means wealth whose recovery is not hoped for.
