السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: من رأى في الخيل صدقة.
Those who held there is zakah on horses
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أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْجُوَيْنِيُّ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَجَاءِ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ، ثنا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا ⦗٢٠١⦘ حَفْصُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ أَبَا صَالِحٍ ذَكْوَانَ أَخْبَرَهُ، أنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ وَلَا فِضَّةٍ لَا يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا حَقَّهَا ". فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْوَعِيدِ الَّذِي جَاءَ فِي مَنْعِ حَقِّهَا وَحَقِّ الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ، وَذَكَرَ فِي الْإِبِلِ وَمِنْ حَقِّهَا حَلْبُهَا يَوْمَ وِرْدِهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ: فَالْخَيْلُ؟ قَالَ: " الْخَيْلُ لِثَلَاثَةٍ هِيَ لِرَجُلٍ وِزْرٌ، وَهِيَ لِرَجُلٍ أَجْرٌ وَهِيَ لِرَجُلٍ سِتْرٌ، فَأَمَّا الَّذِي هِيَ لَهُ وِزْرٌ فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا رِيَاءً وَفَخْرًا وَنِوَاءً عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَهِيَ لَهُ وِزْرٌ، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي هِيَ لَهُ سِتْرٌ فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْسَ حَقَّ اللهِ فِي ظُهُوَرِهَا وَلَا رِقَابِهَا فَهِيَ لَهُ سِتْرٌ، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي هِيَ لَهُ أَجْرٌ فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ فِي مَرْجٍ أَوْ رَوْضَةٍ، فَمَا أَكَلَتْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَرْجِ وَالرَّوْضَةِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُ عَدَدَ مَا أَكَلَتْ حَسَنَاتٌ وَكُتِبَ لَهُ عَدَدَ أَرْوَاثِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا حَسَنَاتٌ وَلَا تَقْطَعُ طُولَهَا فَاسْتَنَّتْ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ عَدَدَ آثَارِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا حَسَنَاتٍ، وَلَأَمَرَّ بِهَا صَاحِبُهَا عَلَى نَهَرٍ فَشَرِبَتْ مِنْهُ وَلَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْقِيَهَا إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ عَدَدَ مَا شَرِبَتْ حَسَنَاتٍ ". قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَالْحُمُرُ؟ قَالَ: " مَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ فِي الْحُمُرِ شَيْئًا إِلَّا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ الْفَاذَّةَ الْجَامِعَةَ {فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ "} [الزلزلة: ٨]. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَرَوَاهُ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ فَقَالَ: فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَلَا يَنْسَى حَقَّ اللهِ فِي ظُهُوَرِهَا وَبُطُونِهَا فِي عُسْرِهَا وَيُسْرِهَا وَذَلِكَ لَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى الزَّكَاةِ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no owner of gold or silver who does not pay its zakah" Then he narrated the hadith about the threatened punishment for withholding its due and the dues of camels, cattle and sheep, and regarding the due of camels he mentioned that it includes milking them on the day they come to water. It was said: O Messenger of Allah! What about horses? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Horses are of three kinds: for one man they are a burden, for one a reward, and for one a cover. The one for whom it is a burden is the man who tied it up for show, pride and hostility towards the people of Islam; it is a burden for him. The one for whom it is a cover is the man who tied it up in the path of Allah, then did not forget the right of Allah regarding its back or its neck; it is a cover for him. The one for whom it is a reward is the man who tied it up in the path of Allah for the people of Islam in a pasture; whatever it eats from that pasture, good deeds equal to it are written for him, even its dung and urine count as good deeds; and if it breaks its tether and gallops over one or two hillocks, its hoofprints and its dung and urine are also counted as good deeds; and its owner does not pass with it by a river from which it drinks, though he had no intention of watering it, except that Allah, Glorified be He, records good deeds in his record equal to what it drank." It was said to him (peace and blessings be upon him): What about donkeys? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Nothing has been revealed to me concerning donkeys except this comprehensive verse: 'So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it.' [Surah al-Zalzalah: 7-8]"
In one narration it says: he does not forget the right of Allah regarding their backs and bellies, in hardship and in ease; and this does not indicate zakah.
In one narration it says: he does not forget the right of Allah regarding their backs and bellies, in hardship and in ease; and this does not indicate zakah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْإِصْطَخْرِيُّ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ بَحْرٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ ⦗٢٠٢⦘ الْإِصْطَخْرِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو يُوسُفَ، عَنْ غُورَكِ بْنِ الْحَصْرَمِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فِي الْخَيْلِ السَّائِمَةِ فِي كُلِّ فَرَسٍ دِينَارٌ ". تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ غُورَكُ هَذَا، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ غُورَكُ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا وَمَنْ دُونَهُ ضُعَفَاءُ.
Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said concerning grazing horses: "On every horse there is one dinar."
Ghurak alone narrated it. Ali bin Umar al-Hafiz (al-Daraqutni) said: Ghurak alone narrated it from Ja'far; he is very weak, and those below him in the chain are weak.
Ghurak alone narrated it. Ali bin Umar al-Hafiz (al-Daraqutni) said: Ghurak alone narrated it from Ja'far; he is very weak, and those below him in the chain are weak.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عُمَرَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، أنبأ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ، أَنَّ حِيَّ بْنَ يَعْلَى أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ يَعْلَى قَالَ: ابْتَاعَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ أَخُو يَعْلَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَرَسًا أُنْثَى بِمِائَةِ قَلُوصٍ فَبَدَا لَهُ فَنَدِمَ الْبَائِعُ، فَأَتَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ يَعْلَى وَأَخَاهُ غَصَبَانِي فَرَسِي، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ " أَنِ الْحَقْ بِي "، فَأَتَاهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ الْخَيْلَ لَتَبْلُغُ هَذَا عِنْدَكُمْ "، قَالَ: مَا عَلِمْتُ فَرَسًا قَبْلَ هَذِهِ بَلَغَ هَذَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: " فَنَأْخُذُ مِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةً، وَلَا نَأْخُذُ مِنَ الْخَيْلِ شَيْئًا، خُذْ مِنْ كُلِّ فَرَسٍ دِينَارًا "، قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ عَلَى الْخَيْلِ دِينَارًا دِينَارًا. وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْبَابِ قَبْلَهُ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ حِينَ أَحَبَّهُ أَرْبَابُهَا، وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ إِنْ صَحَّتْ تَكُونُ مَحْمُولَةً عَلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ لَا تَتَّفِقُ الرِّوَايَاتُ وَلَا تَخْتَلِفُ، وَحَدِيثُ عِرَاكٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ يَقْطَعُ بِنَفْيِ الصَّدَقَةِ عَنْهَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Ya'la said that Abd al-Rahman bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) bought a mare from a man in exchange for one hundred young she-camels (qalus). Then something became apparent to him, and the seller regretted it; he came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: Ya'la and his brother have seized my mare. So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Ya'la: Come and meet me. He came and informed him, and he said: Do horses reach such a value among you? He said: I do not know whether horses have reached this before or not. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We take one sheep out of every forty sheep, and take nothing at all from horses! So collect one dinar from every horse. So he fixed one dinar on each horse.
We have narrated earlier on this matter what indicates that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered this only when the owners wished it. If this narration is authentic, it is to be understood in the same way, so that the narrations agree and do not conflict. The hadith of Irak from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) is the most authentic of what has been narrated on this, and it decisively negates zakah on horses. And Allah knows best.
We have narrated earlier on this matter what indicates that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered this only when the owners wished it. If this narration is authentic, it is to be understood in the same way, so that the narrations agree and do not conflict. The hadith of Irak from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) is the most authentic of what has been narrated on this, and it decisively negates zakah on horses. And Allah knows best.
