السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: لا يأخذ الساعي فوق ما يجب ولا ماخضا إلا أن يتطوع
The collector does not take more than is due, nor a pregnant camel, unless the owner volunteers
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الَحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ السَّيَّارِيُّ، بِمَرْوٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْمُوَجِّهِ، ثنا عَبْدَانُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ، أنبأ زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ صَيْفِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمُعَاذٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ: " إِنَّكَ سَتَأْتِي قَوْمًا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ فَإِذَا جِئْتَهُمْ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللهَ قَدْ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللهَ قَدْ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُؤْخَذُ مِنَ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ فَإِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ اللهِ حِجَابٌ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) when he sent him to Yemen: "You will come to a people of the People of the Book. When you come to them, invite them to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in that, inform them that Allah has made five prayers obligatory upon them in every day and night. If they obey you in that too, inform them that Allah has made zakah obligatory upon them, to be taken from their rich and given to their poor. If they accept that from you too, then beware of their choicest wealth, and beware of the supplication of the oppressed, for there is no veil between the oppressed and Allah."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، أنبأ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ الْجُمَحِيِّ، عَنْ ⦗١٦٢⦘ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ ثَفِنَةَ الْيَشْكُرِيِّ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: رَوْحٌ يَقُولُ: مُسْلِمُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: اسْتَعْمَلَ نَافِعُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ أَبِي عَلَى عِرَافَةِ قَوْمِهِ فَأَمَرَهُ يُصْدِقُهُمْ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي أَبِي فِي طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ فَأَتَيْتُ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا يُقَالُ لَهُ سَعْرُ بْنُ دَيْسَمٍ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ أَبِي بَعَثَنِي إِلَيْكَ يَعْنِي لِأُصْدِقَكَ قَالَ: ابْنَ أَخِي، وَأِيَّ نَحْوٍ تَأْخُذُونَ؟ قُلْتُ: نَخْتَارُ حَتَّى إِنَّا نَتَبَيَّنُ ضُرُوعَ الْغَنَمِ، قَالَ: ابْنَ أَخِي، فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكَ أَنِّي كُنْتُ فِي شِعْبٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الشِّعَابِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَنَمٍ لِي فَجَاءَنِي رَجُلَانِ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ فَقَالَا لِي: إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْكَ لِتُؤَدِّيَ صَدَقَةَ غَنَمِكَ فَقُلْتُ: مَا عَلَيَّ فِيهَا؟ فَقَالَا: شَاةٌ فَأَعْمِدُ إِلَى شَاةٍ قَدْ عَرَفْتُ مَكَانَهَا مُمْتَلِئَةً مَحْضًا وَشَحْمًا، فَأَخْرَجْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا، فَقَالَا: هَذِهِ شَاةُ الشَّافِعِ وَقَدْ نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ شَافِعًا، قُلْتُ: فَأَيَّ شَيْءٍ تَأْخُذَانِ؟ قَالَا: عَنَاقًا جَذَعَةً أَوْ ثَنِيَّةً، قَالَ: فَأَعْمِدُ إِلَى عَنَاقٍ مُعْتَاطٍ، وَالْمُعْتَاطُ: الَّتِي لَمْ تَلِدْ وَلَدًا وَقَدْ حَانَ وِلَادُهَا، فَأَخْرَجْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا، فَقَالَا: نَاوِلْنَاهَا، فَجَعَلَاهَا مَعَهُمَا عَلَى بَعِيرِهِمَا ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَا. كَذَا قَالَ وَكِيعٌ مَحْضًا وَالصَّوَابُ مَخَاضًا، وَقَالَ: مُسْلِمُ بْنُ ثَفِنَةَ وَالصَّوَابُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ قَالَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ،.
Muslim bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Nafi' bin Alqamah appointed my father as chief ('arif) over his people and ordered him to collect their zakah. He said: My father sent me to a group of them, and I came to a very old man called Si'r bin Daysam. I said: My father has sent me to you to collect zakah from you. He said: O my nephew, in what manner do you take it? I said: We pick and choose, so much so that we even examine the udders of the sheep. He said: O nephew, I will narrate to you that I was in one of these mountain passes, in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), with some sheep of mine, when two men came to me riding a camel. They said to me: "We are the two envoys of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to you, so that you pay the zakah of your sheep." I said: What is due from me on them? They said: "One sheep." So I went to a sheep whose place I knew, full of milk and fat, and brought it out to them. They said: "This is a pregnant (shafi') sheep, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden us to take a pregnant one." I said: Then what will you take? They said: "A young she-goat that is a jadha'ah or a thaniyah." He said: So I went to a mu'tat she-goat (mu'tat is one that has not yet given birth but whose time of giving birth has come) and brought it out to them. They said: "Hand it to us." So they put it with them on their camel and went off.
So Waki' said 'mahdan' (pure milk), but the correct reading is 'makhadan' (pregnancy); and he said 'Muslim bin Thafinah', but the correct name is Muslim bin Shu'bah, as Yahya bin Ma'in and other hadith masters said.
So Waki' said 'mahdan' (pure milk), but the correct reading is 'makhadan' (pregnancy); and he said 'Muslim bin Thafinah', but the correct name is Muslim bin Shu'bah, as Yahya bin Ma'in and other hadith masters said.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ ثنا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ ثنا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ حَدَّثَنِي مُسْلِمُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ زَادَ فِيهِ وَالشَّافِعُ الَّتِي فِي بَطْنِهَا وَلَدُهَا.
Amr bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Muslim bin Shu'bah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated the hadith to me, and he narrated the whole hadith, adding also that al-shafi' is "one that has its young in its belly."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الَحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْقَطِيعِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُصَدِّقًا، فَمَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ فَجَمَعَ لِي مَالَهُ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا إِلَّا ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَدِّ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَإِنَّهَا صَدَقَتُكَ، فَقَالَ: ذَاكَ مَا لَا لَبَنَ فِيهِ وَلَا ظَهْرَ، وَلَكِنْ هَذِهِ نَاقَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ سَمِينَةٌ فَخُذْهَا فَقُلْتُ: مَا أَنَا بِآخِذٍ مَا لَمْ أُومَرْ بِهِ، وَهَذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْكَ قَرِيبٌ فَإِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُ فَتَعْرِضَ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَرَضْتَ عَلَيَّ فَافْعَلْ فَإِنْ قَبِلَهُ مِنْكَ قَبِلْتُهُ وَإِنْ رَدَّهُ عَلَيْكَ رَدَدْتُهُ، قَالَ: فَإِنِّي فَاعِلٌ قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ مَعِي وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ بِالنَّاقَةِ الَّتِي عَرَضَ عَلَيَّ حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ أَتَانِي رَسُولُكَ لِيَأْخُذَ مِنْ صَدَقَةِ مَالِي، وَايْمُ اللهِ مَا قَامَ فِي مَالِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا رَسُولُهُ قَطُّ قَبْلَهُ فَجَمَعْتُ لَهُ مَالِي فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ مَا عَلِيِّ فِيهِ ⦗١٦٣⦘ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ وَذَلِكَ مَا لَا لَبَنَ فِيهِ وَلَا ظَهْرَ وَقَدْ عَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِ نَاقَةً عَظِيمَةً لِيَأْخُذَهَا فَأَبَى عَلَيَّ وَهَا هِيَ ذِهِ قَدْ جِئْتُكَ بِهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ خُذْهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " ذَلِكَ الَّذِي عَلَيْكَ فَإِنْ تَطَوَّعْتَ بِخَيْرٍ آجَرَكَ اللهُ فِيهِ وَقَبِلْنَاهُ مِنْكَ "، قَالَ فَهَا هِيَ ذِهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ جِئْتُكَ بِهَا فَخُذْهَا فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِقَبْضِهَا وَدَعَا لَهُ فِي مَالِهِ بِالْبَرَكَةِ. وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: نَاقَةً فِتْيَةً عَظِيمَةً سَمِينَةً.
Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me as a zakah collector. I passed by a man, and he gathered his wealth together, and I saw that a bint makhad was due from him. So I said to him: "Pay a bint makhad, for that is your zakah." He said: That is an animal that has neither milk nor is fit for riding; but this is a fine young she-camel, take it. I said: "I will not take what I have not been commanded to take. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is staying nearby; if you wish to give this, go to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and present to him what you have presented to me. If he (peace and blessings be upon him) accepts it, I will accept it too, and if he (peace and blessings be upon him) rejects it, I will return it too." He said: I will do so. He narrates: So he set off with me, and that she-camel was with him, until we came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: O Prophet of Allah! Your collector came to me to take the zakah of my wealth. By Allah! Never before has any envoy of yours come to my wealth. I gathered my wealth before him, and he holds that the zakah on my wealth is only one bint makhad, and that is an animal that has neither milk nor is fit for riding. So I offered him a fine young she-camel, but he refused to take it, and this is it; I have brought it to you (peace and blessings be upon him). O Messenger of Allah! Accept it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "What is due from you is that; but if you voluntarily give something better than it, Allah Almighty will reward you for it, and we will accept it from you." He said: O Messenger of Allah! This is it; I have brought it to you, so accept it. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that it be received and prayed for blessing in his wealth.
