السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: : " اجعلوا أئمتكم خياركم " وما جاء في إمامة ولد الزناء
"Make the best of you your imams", and reports on the leading of prayer by one born of zina
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أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ، عَنْ أَوْسِ بْنِ ضَمْعَجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللهِ، فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ سَوَاءً، أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: فَأَعْلَمُهُمْ لِلسُّنَّةِ، فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي السُّنَّةِ سَوَاءً فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً، فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ سِنًّا، وَلَا يُؤَمُّ الرَّجُلُ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ، وَلَا يُجْلَسُ عَلَى تَكْرِمَتِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ.
Sayyiduna Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The people should be led in prayer by the one who has read the most of the Qur'an. If they are equal in the Qur'an, then (I think he (peace and blessings be upon him) said) the one who knows the Sunnah best. If they are equal in the Sunnah too, then the one who was earliest in Hijrah; and if they are equal in Hijrah, then the one who is oldest in age. No man should lead another in prayer in his domain of authority, nor sit in his place of honour in his house, except with his permission."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، وَأنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَسَدٍ الْهَرَوِيُّ، ثنا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا سَلَّامُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ وَاسِعٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اجْعَلُوا أَئِمَّتَكُمْ خِيَارَكُمْ، فَإِنَّهُمْ وَفْدُكُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَبِّكُمْ ". إِسْنَادُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ضَعِيفٌ.
Sa'id bin Jubayr narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Make the best among you your imams, for they are your delegation between you and Allah."
The chain of this hadith is weak.
The chain of this hadith is weak.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ " أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَ يَؤُمُّ نَاسًا بِالْعَقِيقِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَنَهَاهُ ". قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَإِنَّمَا نَهَاهُ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُعْرَفُ أَبُوهُ.
Yahya bin Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a man used to lead people in prayer at a place called al-Aqiq, and Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) stopped him from leading the prayer. Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) says: His father was not known.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحُرْفِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ الْكُوفِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ ابْنُ أَخِي عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ قَالَ: " سَأَلْتُ عَطَاءَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ عَنْ وَلَدِ الزِّنَاءِ إِنْ مَرِضَ، أَعُودُهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قُلْتُ: فَإِنْ مَاتَ أُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قُلْتُ: فَإِنْ شَهِدَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قُلْتُ: يَؤُمُّ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ".
Isma'il bin Abd al-Malik, the nephew of Abd al-Aziz bin Rufay' (may Allah have mercy on him), says: I asked Ata bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him): "If a child born of fornication falls ill, should I visit him?" He said: "Yes." I said: "If he dies, should I pray the funeral prayer over him?" He said: "Yes." Then I said: "If he gives testimony, is his testimony accepted?" He said: "Yes." I said: "May he lead the prayer?" He said: "Yes."
وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا زَيْدٌ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي السَّفَرُ بْنُ نُسَيْرٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّمَا قَالَ: " وَلَدُ الزِّنَاءِ شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ، إِنْ أَبَوََيْهِ أَسْلَمَا وَلَمْ يُسَلِمْ هُوَ ". فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هُوَ شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ ". وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ وِزْرِ أَبَوَيْهِ شَيْءٌ، قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {لَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى} [الأنعام: ١٦٤] تَعْنِي وَلَدَ الزِّنَاءِ. وَعَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ فِي وَلَدِ الزِّنَاءِ أَنَّهُ يَؤُمُّ.
(a) Al-Safar bin Nusayr al-Asadi says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The child born of fornication is the worst of the three," if his parents submitted (accepted Islam) but he did not submit. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He is the worst of the three."
(b) Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that none of his parents' burden is upon him. The saying of Allah Almighty is: "And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another." [Surah al-An'am: 164]
This report is mursal.
(b) Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that none of his parents' burden is upon him. The saying of Allah Almighty is: "And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another." [Surah al-An'am: 164]
This report is mursal.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، قَالَ وَهُوَ حَيٌّ: أَفَلَا تَلْقَاهُ فَتَسْأَلَهُ؟ قَالَ أَيُّوبُ: فَلَقِيتُ عَمْرًا فَقَالَ: " كُنَّا بِحَضْرَةِ مَاءٍ مَمَرٍّ لِلنَّاسِ وَكَانَ يَمُرُّ بِنَا الرُّكْبَانُ فَنَسْأَلُهُمْ مَا هَذَا الْأَمْرُ، مَا لِلنَّاسِ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: نَبِيُّنَا يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَرْسَلَهُ وَأَنَّ اللهَ أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَجَعَلْتُ أَحْفَظُ ذَلِكَ الْكَلَامَ فَكَأَنَّمَا يُغْرَى فِي صَدْرِي بِغِرَاءٍ وَكَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَلَوَّمُ بِإِسْلَامِهَا الْفَتْحَ وَيَقُولُونَ: أَنْظِرُوهُ ⦗١٣٠⦘ فِي قَوْمِهِ، فَإِنْ ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَهُوَ نَبِيٌّ وَهُوَ صَادِقٌ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَتْ وَقْعَةُ الْفَتْحِ بَادَرَ كُلُّ قَوْمٍ بِإِسْلَامِهِمْ، وَانْطَلَقَ أَبِي بِإِسْلَامِ حِوَائِنَا ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَلَقَّيْنَاهُ، فَلَمَّا رَآنَا قَالَ: جِئْتُكُمْ وَاللهِ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَقًّا، وَإِنَّهُ يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِكَذَا وَيَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ كَذَا، وَقَالَ: صَلُّوا صَلَاةَ كَذَا فِي حِينِ كَذَا وَصَلَاةَ كَذَا فِي حِينِ كَذَا، فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ لَكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ، وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَكْثَرُكُمْ قُرْآنًا "، فَنَظَرُوا فِي أَهْلِ حِوَائِنَا ذَلِكَ فَمَا وَجَدُوا أَحَدًا أَكْثَرَ مِنِّي قُرْآنًا لِمَا كُنْتُ أَلْقَى مِنَ الرُّكْبَانِ، فَقَدَّمُونِي بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَنَا ابْنُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ، أَوْ سِتِّ سِنِينَ، وَكَانَتْ عَلَيَّ بُرْدَةٌ فِيهَا صِغَرٌ، فَإِذَا سَجَدْتُ تَقَلَّصَتْ عَنِّي، فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْحِيِّ: أَلَا تُغَطُّونَ عَنَّا اسْتَ قَارِئِكُمْ؟ فَكَسَوْنِي قَمِيصًا مِنْ مُعَقَّدِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ، فَمَا فَرِحْتُ بِشَيْءٍ فَرَحِي بِذَلِكَ الْقَمِيصِ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ.
Ayyub narrates from Abu Qilabah (may Allah have mercy on him): Amr bin Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) is alive; have you not met him? Go and ask him. Ayyub said: I met Amr (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said: We lived by a water spring through which people passed. Caravans would pass by us, and we would ask them about the affairs of the people. They would say: "He is a prophet; he claims that Allah has sent him and that Allah has revealed such-and-such to him." I would memorise those words, as if a longing for it had been planted in my heart. The Arabs held back from accepting Islam until the Conquest. They used to say: "If he prevails over his people, then he is a true prophet." When the Conquest took place, every tribe hastened to accept Islam, and my father went with his tribe to accept Islam. When he had been to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and stayed with him, we met him. When he saw us, he said: "I have come to you from the true Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He commands you to do such-and-such and forbids you from such-and-such, and he said: 'Pray in this way and at this time, and pray such-and-such prayer in this way and at this time. When the time of prayer comes, let one of you call the adhan for you, and let the one who has read the most Qur'an lead you in prayer.'" They looked among the people of our neighbourhood and found no one who had memorised more Qur'an than me, because I used to meet the caravans. They put me forward, and I was seven or six years old. I had a sheet on me that was small; when I prostrated, it would shrink up from me. A woman of the tribe said: "Will you not cover your reciter's backside from us?" So they clothed me in a sheet woven in Bahrain.
I was never as happy about anything as I was about that shirt.
I was never as happy about anything as I was about that shirt.
