Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that the people of Quraysh used to fast on the day of Ashura in the Days of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah). When Islam came, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever wishes may fast on it, and whoever wishes may not."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الصيام / 8420