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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: ما ورد فيمن كتمه
Chapter: Reports on one who conceals it
Bayhaqi 7328 — Reports on one who conceals it
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ بَهْزِ بْنِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " فِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ السَّائِمَةِ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، مَنْ أَعْطَاهَا مُؤْتَجِرًا فَلَهُ أَجْرُهَا وَمَنْ كَتَمَهَا فَإِنَّا آخِذُوهَا وَشَطْرَ إِبِلِهِ عَزِيمَةً مِنْ عَزَمَاتِ رَبِّكَ، لَا يَحِلُّ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَلَا لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ " كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ بَهْزِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ وَقَالَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ: عَزْمَةٌ مِنْ عَزَمَاتِ رَبِّنَا. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ أَنْ تُؤْخَذَ الصَّدَقَةُ وَشَطْرُ إِبِلِ الْغَالِّ لِصَدَقَتِهِ وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ قُلْنَا بِهِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، فَأَمَّا الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ فَإِنَّهُمَا لَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ جَرْيًا عَلَى عَادَتِهِمَا فِي أَنَّ الصَّحَابِيَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِيَّ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ إِلَّا رَاوٍ وَاحِدٌ لَمْ يُخْرِجَا حَدِيثَهَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، وَمُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ حَيْدَةَ الْقُشَيْرِيُّ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ عِنْدَهُمَا رِوَايَةٌ ثِقَةٌ عَنْهُ غَيْرُ ابْنِهِ فَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَا حَدِيثَهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَدْ كَانَ تَضْعِيفُ الْغَرَامَةِ عَلَى مَنْ سَرَقَ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الِاسْلَامِ ثُمَّ صَارَ مَنْسُوخًا، وَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى نَسْخِهِ بِحَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ فِيمَا أَفْسَدَتْ نَاقَتُهُ فَلَمْ يُنْقَلْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي تِلْكَ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّهُ أَضْعَفَ الْغَرَامَةَ بَلْ نَقَلَ فِيهَا حُكْمَهُ بِالضَّمَانِ فَقَطْ، فَيُحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا مِنْ ذَاكَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Bahz bin Hakim bin Mu'awiyah narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: "In every forty grazing camels there is a bint labun. Whoever gives it seeking reward will have its reward, and whoever conceals it, I will take it from him along with a portion of his camels. This is one of the firm obligations of Allah Almighty; it is not lawful for Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) or for the family of Muhammad."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The people of knowledge of hadith do not establish that the zakah is taken along with half of the camels of the one who conceals his zakah; had it been established, we would have held it. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Dawud recorded this hadith, whereas Bukhari and Muslim did not record it, following their practice of not recording in the two Sahihs the hadith of a Companion or Successor who has only one narrator; and for Mu'awiyah bin Haydah al-Qushayri no trustworthy narrator other than his son is established in their view. At the beginning of Islam a doubled penalty was imposed on the one who stole; then this ruling was abrogated. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) argued for its abrogation from the hadith of Sayyiduna al-Bara' bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) about the damage done by his she-camel: it is not reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he doubled the penalty in that incident; rather, only his ruling of liability for the damage is reported. So it is possible that this (hadith) is of that kind.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The people of knowledge of hadith do not establish that the zakah is taken along with half of the camels of the one who conceals his zakah; had it been established, we would have held it. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Dawud recorded this hadith, whereas Bukhari and Muslim did not record it, following their practice of not recording in the two Sahihs the hadith of a Companion or Successor who has only one narrator; and for Mu'awiyah bin Haydah al-Qushayri no trustworthy narrator other than his son is established in their view. At the beginning of Islam a doubled penalty was imposed on the one who stole; then this ruling was abrogated. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) argued for its abrogation from the hadith of Sayyiduna al-Bara' bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) about the damage done by his she-camel: it is not reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he doubled the penalty in that incident; rather, only his ruling of liability for the damage is reported. So it is possible that this (hadith) is of that kind.
