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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: تفسير أسنان الإبل
Chapter: Explanation of the ages of camels
Bayhaqi 7272 — Explanation of the ages of camels
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّذْبَارِيُّ أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ: سَمِعْتُهُ مِنَ الرِّيَاشِيِّ، وَأَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَغَيْرِهِمَا وَمِنْ كِتَابِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُمَيْلٍ وَمِنْ كِتَابِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ وَرُبَّمَا ذَكَرَ أَحَدُهُمُ الْكَلِمَةَ قَالُوا: يُسَمَّى الْحُوَارَ، ثُمَّ الْفَصِيلَ إِذَا فَصَلَ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ لِسَنَةٍ إِلَى تَمَامِ سَنَتَيْنِ، فَإِذَا دَخَلَتْ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ فَهِيَ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ فَإِذَا تَمَّتْ لَهَا ⦗١٦٠⦘ ثَلَاثُ سِنِينَ فَهِيَ حِقَّةٌ إِلَى تَمَامِ أَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ؛ لِأَنَّهَا اسْتَحَقَّتْ أَنْ تُرْكَبَ وَيُحْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا الْفَحْلُ، وَهِيَ تُلَقَّحُ وَلَا يُلَقِّحُ الذَّكَرُ حَتَّى يُثَنِّيَ، وَيُقَالُ لِلْحِقَّةِ طَرُوقَةُ الْفَحْلِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْفَحْلَ يَطْرُقُهَا إِلَى تَمَامِ أَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ فَإِذَا طَعَنَتْ فِي الْخَامِسَةِ فَهِيَ جَذَعَةٌ حَتَّى يَتِمَّ لَهَا خَمْسُ سِنِينَ، فَإِذَا دَخَلَتْ فِي السَّادِسَةِ وَأَلْقَى ثَنِيَّتَهُ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ ثَنِيٌّ حَتَّى يَسْتَكْمِلَ سِتًّا، فَإِذَا طَعَنَ فِي السَّابِعَةِ سُمِّيَ الذَّكَرُ رَبَاعِيًا وَالْأُنْثَى رَبَاعِيَةً إِلَى تَمَامِ السَّابِعَةِ، فَإِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الثَّامِنَةِ أَلْقَى السِّنَّ السَّدِيسَ الَّذِي بَعْدَ الرَّبَاعِيَةِ فَهُوَ سَدِيسٌ وَسَدَسٌ إِلَى تَمَامِ الثَّامِنَةِ، فَإِذَا دَخَلَ فِي التِّسْعِ فَاطَّلَعَ نَابُهُ فَهُوَ بَازِلٌ بَزَلَ نَابُهُ يَعْنِي طَلَعَ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ فِي الْعَاشِرَةِ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ مُخْلِفٌ ثُمَّ لَيْسَ لَهُ اسْمٌ وَلَكِنْ يُقَالُ بَازِلُ عَامٍ وَبَازِلُ عَامَيْنِ وَمُخْلِفُ عَامٍ وَمُخْلِفُ عَامَيْنِ وَمُخْلِفُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَعْوَامٍ إِلَى خَمْسِ سِنِينَ، وَالْخَلِفَةُ الْحَامِلُ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَفْسِيرَ أَسْنَانِ الْإِبِلِ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ نَحْوَ هَذَا، وَزَادَ فَقَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ ابْنَ مَخَاضٍ يَعْنِي الذَّكَرَ مِنْهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ فَصَلَ عَنْ أُمِّهِ وَلَحِقَتْ أُمُّهُ بِالْمَخَاضِ وَهِيَ الْحَوَامِلُ فَهُوَ ابْنُ مَخَاضٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ حَامِلًا، قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ ابْنَ لَبُونٍ لِأَنَّ أُمَّهُ وَضَعَتْ غَيْرَهُ فَصَارَ لَهَا لَبَنٌ..
According to the writing of Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him), one term is hiwar, which is the earliest age; then fasil, when it is weaned; then bint makhad, from one year until two years of age. When it enters its third year, it is a bint labun. When it completes three years, it is a hiqqah until it completes four years, because it has become deserving of having the stud camel put to it, and it conceives, while the male does not impregnate until it becomes a thaniy. The hiqqah is called taruqat al-fahl because the stud mounts her until she completes four years. When it enters its fifth year, it is called a jadha'ah until it completes five years. When it enters its sixth year and its front teeth fall out, it is called a thaniy until it completes six years. When it enters the seventh year of its age, the male is called raba' and the female raba'iyah until it completes seven years. When it enters the eighth year of its age, it sheds its sadas tooth, which comes after the raba'i teeth, and until it completes eight years it is called sadas and sadis. When it enters its ninth year, its tusks appear, and it is called bazil because of the emergence of its tusks. When it enters its tenth year, it is called mukhlif. After that it has no name, but it is called bazil 'am (a bazil of one year), bazil 'amayn (a bazil of two years), mukhlif 'am (a mukhlif of one year), mukhlif 'amayn (a mukhlif of two years), and a mukhlif of three years, up to five years. Khalifah means a pregnant she-camel.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the ages of camels in the narration of Harmalah, and also said that the name ibn makhad is for the male, because it is separated from its mother and she joins the pregnant ones (makhad), so it is called ibn makhad even if she is not pregnant. And the name ibn labun is given because its mother gives birth to another and so she has milk.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the ages of camels in the narration of Harmalah, and also said that the name ibn makhad is for the male, because it is separated from its mother and she joins the pregnant ones (makhad), so it is called ibn makhad even if she is not pregnant. And the name ibn labun is given because its mother gives birth to another and so she has milk.
