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Bayhaqi 3338 — What to say when something happens in one's prayer

وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ إِمْلَاءً أنبأ أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَرَّاءُ، وَقَطَنُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالُوا: ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَعْمَشِ، ⦗٣٥١⦘ عَنْ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا اسْتُؤْذِنَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي، فَإِذْنُهُ التَّسْبِيحُ، وَإِذَا اسْتُؤْذِنَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ وَهِيَ تُصَلِّي فِإِذْنُهَا التَّصْفِيقُ " وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " كَانَتْ لِي سَاعَةٌ مِنَ السَّحَرِ أَدْخُلُ فِيهَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي صَلَاةٍ سَبَّحَ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ إِذْنَهُ لِي " فَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ، فَقِيلَ سَبَّحَ وَقِيلَ تَنَحْنَحَ، وَمَدَارُهُ عَلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ نُجَيٍّ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِيهِ نَظَرٌ وَضَعَّفَهُ غَيْرُهُ، وَفِيمَا مَضَى كِفَايَةٌ عَنْ رِوَايَتِهِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
(a) Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When permission is sought from someone during prayer, his giving permission is saying 'Subhan Allah' (Glory be to Allah); and if a woman is praying and someone seeks permission from her, her giving permission is clapping."
(b) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): A time at the pre-dawn hour was set aside for me to go in to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). If the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in prayer, he would say 'Subhan Allah' (Glory be to Allah), and that was his permission to me.
(c) This hadith is disputed in its chain and its text: according to one version it is sabbaha (he said 'Subhan Allah'), and according to another it is tanahnaha (he cleared his throat).
It revolves around Abd al-Rahman bin Nujayy al-Hadrami; al-Bukhari said of him "fihi nazar" (there is concern about him), and others declared him da'if (weak).
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الصلاة / 3338
Hadith Grading محدثین: حسن
Hadith Takhrij «حسن۔ وللحديث طريق آخر عند احمد 2/ 290»