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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: التوسع في الأخذ بجميع ما روينا في التشهد مسندا وموقوفا، واختيار المسند الزائد على غيره
Chapter: Latitude in acting on all that we narrated on the tashahhud, both musnad and mawquf, and preferring the musnad with additional wording
Bayhaqi 2845 — Latitude in acting on all that we narrated
اُردوEn
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ هِشَامَ بْنَ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا أَقْرَؤُهَا وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَقْرَأَنِيهَا فَكِدْتُ أَنْ أَعْجَلَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَمْهَلْتُهُ حَتَّى انْصَرَفَ، ثُمَّ لَبَّبْتُهُ بِرِدَائِهِ فَجِئْتُ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ هَذَا يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا أَقْرَأْتَنِيهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اقْرَأْ " فَقَرَأَ الْقِرَاءَةَ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُهُ يَقْرَأُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هَكَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ " ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: " اقْرَأْ " فَقَرَأْتُ فَقَالَ: " هَكَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ، إِنَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ أُنْزِلَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " فَإِذَا كَانَ اللهُ بِرَأْفَتِهِ بِخَلْقِهِ أَنْزَلَ كِتَابَهُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ مَعْرِفَةً مِنْهُ بِأَنَّ الْحِفْظَ قَدْ نَزَلَ لِيَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ قِرَاءَتَهُ، وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَ لَفْظُهُمْ فِيهِ، كَانَ مَا سِوَى كِتَابِ اللهِ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَجُوزَ فِيهِ اخْتِلَافُ اللَّفْظِ مَا لَمْ يَخِلَّ مَعْنَاهُ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَعْمِدَ أَنْ يَكُفَّ عَنْ قِرَاءَةِ حَرْفٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ إِلَّا بِنِسْيَانٍ، وَهَذَا فِي التَّشَهُّدِ وَفِي جَمِيعِ الذِّكْرِ أَخَفُّ وَقَالَ مَنْ كَلَّمَ الشَّافِعِيَّ: كَيْفَ صِرْتَ إِلَى اخْتِيَارِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " لَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ وَاسِعًا وَسَمِعْتُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ صَحِيحًا كَانَ عِنْدِي أَجْمَعَ وَأَكْثَرَ لَفْظًا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ فَأَخَذْتُ بِهِ غَيْرَ مُعَنِّفٍ لِمَنْ أَخَذَ بِغَيْرِهِ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَالثَّابِتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ.
(a) Abd al-Rahman bin Abd al-Qari says: I heard Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) say: I heard Hisham bin Hakim bin Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him) reciting Surah al-Furqan differently from the way I recite it, although it was the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) who had taught it to me. I was about to become angry with him during the prayer itself, but I gave him time until he finished.
When he had finished with the salam, I put my cloak around his neck, brought him to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, I heard this man reciting Surah al-Furqan, and he was not reciting it the way you taught it to me. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Recite." So he recited it the way I had heard him recite it, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is how it was revealed." Then he said to me: Recite. I recited it, and he said: "This is how it was revealed." Then he said: "This Qur'an has been revealed in seven modes of recitation, so recite whichever of them is easy for you."
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Since Allah Almighty deals gently with His creation, in that He revealed the Qur'an in seven modes so that memorising it would be easy, and the recitation is valid even though the wording differs, then if this is possible in the Qur'an, a difference of wording in other things is all the more possible, as long as its meaning is not impaired.
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It is not permissible for anyone deliberately to hold back from reciting a single letter of the Qur'an, except through forgetfulness. In the tashahhud and in all other adhkar, the matter is lighter.
(d) Someone said to Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him): Why did you choose the hadith of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) on the tashahhud and leave the others? Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When I saw latitude in it and heard it (authentically) from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), it appeared to me more comprehensive, and its words were more numerous than those of the others, so I adopted this narration, without censuring anyone who adopts another narration established from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
(e) Shaykh al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: On this matter, the hadiths of Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) are established from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
When he had finished with the salam, I put my cloak around his neck, brought him to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, I heard this man reciting Surah al-Furqan, and he was not reciting it the way you taught it to me. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Recite." So he recited it the way I had heard him recite it, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is how it was revealed." Then he said to me: Recite. I recited it, and he said: "This is how it was revealed." Then he said: "This Qur'an has been revealed in seven modes of recitation, so recite whichever of them is easy for you."
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Since Allah Almighty deals gently with His creation, in that He revealed the Qur'an in seven modes so that memorising it would be easy, and the recitation is valid even though the wording differs, then if this is possible in the Qur'an, a difference of wording in other things is all the more possible, as long as its meaning is not impaired.
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It is not permissible for anyone deliberately to hold back from reciting a single letter of the Qur'an, except through forgetfulness. In the tashahhud and in all other adhkar, the matter is lighter.
(d) Someone said to Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him): Why did you choose the hadith of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) on the tashahhud and leave the others? Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When I saw latitude in it and heard it (authentically) from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), it appeared to me more comprehensive, and its words were more numerous than those of the others, so I adopted this narration, without censuring anyone who adopts another narration established from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
(e) Shaykh al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: On this matter, the hadiths of Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) are established from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
