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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المكاتب
Book of the Mukatab
باب: : الرجل يطأ أمته بالملك فتلد له
Chapter: A man has intercourse with his slave woman by right of ownership and she bears him a child
Bayhaqi 21769 — A man has intercourse with his slave woman by right
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُفَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَّافُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، فِي قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَهَا، قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ ⦗٥٧٦⦘ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَرْوَانَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَمَرَ بِأُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ أَنْ يُقَوَّمْنَ فِي أَمْوَالِ أَبْنَائِهِنَّ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ، ثُمَّ يُعْتَقْنَ، فَمَكَثَ بِذَلِكَ صَدْرًا مِنْ خِلَافَتِهِ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ كَانَ لَهُ ابْنُ أُمِّ وَلَدٍ، قَدْ كَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يُعْجَبُ بِذَلِكَ الْغُلَامِ، فَمَرَّ ذَلِكَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ أَبِيهِ بِلَيَالٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " مَا فَعَلْتَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي فِي أُمِّكَ؟ "، قَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، حِينَ خَيَّرَنِي إِخْوَتِي فِي أَنْ يَسْتَرِقُّوا أُمِّيَ، أَوْ يُخْرِجُونِيَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِي مِنْ أَبِي، فَكَانَ مِيرَاثِي مِنْ أَبِي أَهْوَنَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تُسْتَرَقَّ أُمِّي، قَالَ عُمَرُ: " أَوَلَسْتُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ؟ مَا أَتَرَاءَى رَأْيًا أَوْ آمُرُ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا قُلْتُمْ فِيهِ؟ "، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَجَلَسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ حَتَّى إِذَا رَضِيَ جَمَاعَتَهُمْ قَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ أَمَرْتُ فِي أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ بِأَمْرٍ قَدْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُ، ثُمَّ قَدْ حَدَثَ لِي رَأْيٌ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، فَأَيُّمَا امْرِئٍ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ فَمَلَكَهَا بِيَمِينِهِ مَا عَاشَ، فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ لَا سَبِيلَ عَلَيْهَا ".
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered that the ummahat al-awlad be valued at a fair price against their sons' shares of the estate and then set free. This was at the beginning of his caliphate. Then a man of Quraysh died who had a son by an umm walad, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to admire that boy. A few nights after his father's death, this boy passed by Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) in the mosque. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "O son of my brother, what have you done about your mother?" He said: "O Commander of the Believers, my brothers gave me the choice between their keeping my mother as a slave or their excluding me from my father's inheritance; being excluded from my father's inheritance was easier for me than my mother being kept as a slave." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Did I not order a fair price in this matter? Whatever opinion I form or whatever I order, you find something to say about it?" Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sat on the pulpit, and the people gathered to him. When he was satisfied with their gathering, he said: "O people, you know the order I gave concerning ummahat al-awlad; then another view occurred to me. Whoever has an umm walad owns her for as long as he lives, and when he dies she is free."
