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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب العتق
Book of Freeing Slaves
باب: : من قال في المعسر: يستسعى العبد في نصيب صاحبه غير مشقوق عليه.
Chapter: One who said concerning the one in hardship: The slave works to pay his partner's share without being overburdened
Bayhaqi 21373 — One who said concerning the one in hardship: The slave
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ: شُعْبَةُ وَهِشَامٌ أَحْفَظُ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرَا فِيهِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءَ. وَمِنْهَا: أَنَّ ⦗٤٧٦⦘ الشَّافِعِيَّ سَمِعَ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ النَّظَرِ وَالتَّدَبُّرِ مِنْهُمْ وَالْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يَقُولُ: لَوْ كَانَ حَدِيثُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ فِي الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ مُنْفَرِدًا لَا يُخَالِفُهُ غَيْرُهُ مَا كَانَ ثَابِتًا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ يُقَالُ إِنَّهُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ بَشِيرٍ أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ مَا كَتَبَ عَلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ مَا يُوهِنُ حَدِيثَهُ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ سَعِيدًا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ، وَالْحُفَّاظُ يَتَوَقَّفُونَ فِي إِثْبَاتِ مَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ سَعِيدٌ لِاخْتِلَاطِهِ فِي آخِرِ عُمُرِهِ، وَقَدْ وَافَقَهُ غَيْرُهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ. أَوْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ سَنَدَهُ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ، وَأَكْثَرَهُمْ رَوَوْهُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ بَشِيرٍ، لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرٍ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَكُلُّ هَذَا وَهْمٌ، وَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ الْأَكْثَرِ، وَالَّذِي يُوهِنُ أَمْرَ السِّعَايَةِ فِيهِ: رِوَايَةُ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، حَيْثُ جَعَلَ الِاسْتِسْعَاءَ مِنْ قَوْلِ قَتَادَةَ، وَفَصَلَهُ مِنْ كَلَامِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Abu al-Hasan al-Daraqutni al-Hafiz said: Shu'bah and Hisham are the best memorisers among those who narrated it from Qatadah, and they did not mention the istis'a' (making the slave work) in it.
And among those reasons: al-Shafi'i heard some of the people of reflection and consideration among them, and of knowledge of hadith, say: Even if the hadith of Sa'id bin Abi Arubah on the istis'a' stood alone, with no one else contradicting it, it would not be established.
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Perhaps he said that only because the hadith of Bashir bin Nahik from Abu Hurayrah is said to be from a book; yet it has been narrated from Bashir that he read what he had written out to Abu Hurayrah, so there is nothing in this that weakens his hadith. It is also possible that he said it because Sa'id is alone in narrating it, and the hadith masters hold back from affirming what Sa'id alone narrates because of his confusion (ikhtilat) at the end of his life; yet others agreed with him in narrating the istis'a'. Or he said it because its chain is disputed: most narrated it from Qatadah, from al-Nadr bin Anas, from Bashir bin Nahik, from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him); Ma'mar and Sa'id bin Bashir narrated it from Qatadah, from Bashir, without mentioning al-Nadr bin Anas, and so it is in one of the two narrations from Hisham; it was also said: from Qatadah, from Musa bin Anas, from Bashir; and it was said: from Bashir, from Jabir bin Abdullah. All of this is an error, and the correct view is that of the majority. What weakens the matter of the slave's working in it is the narration of Hammam bin Yahya from Qatadah, in which he made the istis'a' the words of Qatadah and separated it from the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
And among those reasons: al-Shafi'i heard some of the people of reflection and consideration among them, and of knowledge of hadith, say: Even if the hadith of Sa'id bin Abi Arubah on the istis'a' stood alone, with no one else contradicting it, it would not be established.
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Perhaps he said that only because the hadith of Bashir bin Nahik from Abu Hurayrah is said to be from a book; yet it has been narrated from Bashir that he read what he had written out to Abu Hurayrah, so there is nothing in this that weakens his hadith. It is also possible that he said it because Sa'id is alone in narrating it, and the hadith masters hold back from affirming what Sa'id alone narrates because of his confusion (ikhtilat) at the end of his life; yet others agreed with him in narrating the istis'a'. Or he said it because its chain is disputed: most narrated it from Qatadah, from al-Nadr bin Anas, from Bashir bin Nahik, from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him); Ma'mar and Sa'id bin Bashir narrated it from Qatadah, from Bashir, without mentioning al-Nadr bin Anas, and so it is in one of the two narrations from Hisham; it was also said: from Qatadah, from Musa bin Anas, from Bashir; and it was said: from Bashir, from Jabir bin Abdullah. All of this is an error, and the correct view is that of the majority. What weakens the matter of the slave's working in it is the narration of Hammam bin Yahya from Qatadah, in which he made the istis'a' the words of Qatadah and separated it from the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
