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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الأيمان
Book of Oaths
باب: شبهة من زعم أن لا كفارة في اليمين إذا كان حنثها طاعة
Chapter: The argument of one who claims there is no expiation for an oath when breaking it is an act of obedience
Bayhaqi 19862 — The argument of one who claims there is no expiation
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا سَالِمُ بْنُ نُوحٍ، عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، قَالَ: نَزَلَ عَلَيْنَا أَضْيَافٌ لَنَا قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَبِي يَتَحَدَّثُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَ، وَقَالَ افْرُغْ مِنْ أَضْيَافِكَ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا أَمْسَيْتُ جِئْتُ بِقِرَاهُمْ، قَالَ: فَأَبَوْا، فَقَالُوا: حَتَّى يَجِيءَ أَبُو مَنْزِلِنَا، فَيَطْعَمُ مَعَنَا، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ حَدِيدٌ، وَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا خِفْتُ أَنْ يَمَسَّنِي مِنْهُ أَذًى، قَالَ: فَأَبَوْا، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ لَمْ يَبْدَأْ بِشَيْءٍ، فَقَالَ: أَفَرَغْتُمْ مِنْ أَضْيَافِكُمْ، قَالُوا: لَا وَاللهِ، مَا فَرَغْنَا، قَالَ: أَلَمْ آمُرْ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ؟ قَالَ: فَتَنَحَّيْتُ، فَقَالَ: يَا غُنْثَرُ أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَسْمَعُ صَوْتِي أَلَّا أَجَبْتَ "، قَالَ: فَجِئْتُ، قُلْتُ: وَاللهِ مَا لِي ذَنْبٌ، هَؤُلَاءِ أَضْيَافُكَ، فَسَلْهُمْ، قَدْ أَتَيْتُهُمْ بِقِرَاهُمْ، فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يَطْعَمُوا حَتَّى تَجِيءَ، قَالَ فَقَالَ: مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَقْبَلُونَ عَنَّا قِرَاكُمْ؟ فَوَاللهِ لَا أَطْعَمُهُ اللَّيْلَةَ، قَالَ: فَقَالُوا: وَاللهِ لَا نَطْعَمُهُ حَتَّى تَطْعَمَهُ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ: كَالشَّرِّ مُنْذُ اللَّيْلَةِ، لَا تَقْبَلُونَ عَنَّا قِرَاكُمْ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا الْأُولَى، فَمِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ، هَلُمُّوا قِرَاكُمْ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَا عَلَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ بَرُّوا وَحَنِثْتُ،، قَالَ: فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ: " بَلْ أَنْتَ أَبَرُّهُمْ وَأَخْيَرُهُمْ "، قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي كَفَّارَةٌ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى. وَقَوْلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَمَّا الْأُولَى فَمِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ، دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى تَرْكِ الطَّعَامِ مَكْرُوهَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْكَفَّارَةِ، إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِهَا، لَعِلْمِهِ بِمَعْرِفَتِهِ بِوُجُوْبِهَا، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْكَفَّارَةِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَشْبَهُ.
Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: Some guests came to us, and my father used to talk with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at night. As he was leaving, he said to me: Finish with the guests (that is, feed them). When evening came I presented the food, but they refused to eat and said: When your father eats with us, then we will eat. He says: I said: He is a man of sharp temper; if you do not eat, I fear harm from him. But they refused. When my father came back, the first thing he asked was: Have you finished with the guests (that is, fed them)? They said: We have not finished. He said: Did I not command Abd al-Rahman? He says: I hid. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) called out, adjuring me: If you can hear, answer me. He says: I came and said: It is not my fault; ask your guests. I presented the food, but they turned it back, saying that you would eat with them and only then would they eat. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Why did you not accept our hospitality? By Allah! I will not eat tonight. They said: By Allah! We will not eat either until you eat. Then he said: This is the worst of things, that you do not accept your hospitality from us. Then he said: The first (statement) was from Satan. Bring the food. In the morning he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said that they had acted righteously and he had broken his oath, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You are more righteous and better than them." He says: No mention of expiation reached me in this.
The statement of Abu Bakr: 1. His saying "The first was from Satan" is evidence that swearing an oath to abstain from food is disliked; and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not command him to give the expiation because he (peace and blessings be upon him) knew that he was aware it was obligatory. 2. It is possible that this happened before the expiation was revealed, but the first explanation is more likely.
The statement of Abu Bakr: 1. His saying "The first was from Satan" is evidence that swearing an oath to abstain from food is disliked; and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not command him to give the expiation because he (peace and blessings be upon him) knew that he was aware it was obligatory. 2. It is possible that this happened before the expiation was revealed, but the first explanation is more likely.
