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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: المجوس أهل كتاب والجزية تؤخذ منهم
Chapter: The Magians are People of the Book and jizyah is taken from them
Bayhaqi 18650 — The Magians are People of the Book and jizyah is taken
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعْدٍ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمَرْزُبَانِ، عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ فَرْوَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ: عَلَامَ تُؤْخَذُ الْجِزْيَةُ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ وَلَيْسُوا بِأَهْلِ كِتَابٍ؟ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدُ فَأَخَذَ يُلَبِّبُهُ فَقَالَ: يَا عَدُوَّ اللهِ تَطْعَنُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا وَعَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَقَدْ أَخَذُوا مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ؟ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى الْقَصْرِ فَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِمَا وَقَالَ: الْبَدَا، فَجَلَسَا فِي ظِلِّ الْقَصْرِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِالْمَجُوسِ، كَانَ لَهُمْ عِلْمٌ يَعْلَمُونَهُ، وَكِتَابٌ يَدْرُسُونَهُ، وَإِنَّ مَلِكَهُمْ سَكِرَ فَوَقَعَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ أَوْ أُخْتِهِ، فَاطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا صَحَا جَاءُوا يُقِيمُونَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ، فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْهُمْ، فَدَعَا أَهْلَ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَتَوْهُ قَالَ: تَعْلَمُونَ دِينًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دِينِ ⦗٣١٨⦘ آدَمَ وَقَدْ كَانَ يُنْكِحُ بَنِيهِ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ، وَأَنَا عَلَى دِينِ آدَمَ، مَا يَرْغَبُ بِكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ؟ قَالَ: فَبَايَعُوهُ وَقَاتَلُوا الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُمْ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُمْ، فَأَصْبَحُوا وَقَدْ أَسْرَى عَلَى كِتَابِهِمْ فَرُفِعَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، وَذَهَبَ الْعِلْمُ الَّذِي فِي صُدُورِهِمْ، فَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ، وَقَدْ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ..
Farwah bin Nawfal al-Ashja'i said: Why will you take the jizyah from the Magians when they are not People of the Scripture? Al-Mustawrid said: O enemy of Allah! You are criticising Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) because they took the jizyah from them. When they went to the royal palace, Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came out to them. The narrator says: The two of them sat in the shade of the palace, and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I know about the Magians; they used to teach knowledge and teach a book. Their king, in a state of intoxication, committed fornication with his daughter or his sister, and some people came to know of it, so they came to carry out the prescribed punishment (hadd). He held them off. Then he summoned his people and said: Is there any religion better than the religion of Adam, in which he used to marry his sons to his daughters? I am upon the religion of Adam. The narrator says: They pledged allegiance to him and fought those who opposed them until they killed them. Then in the morning they found that their book had been taken away in the night and lifted from among them, and the knowledge in their hearts had been removed. So they are People of the Scripture, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) took the jizyah from them.
