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Bayhaqi 18080 — The prohibition of fleeing from the battlefield

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ النَّضْرِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، أنبأ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، ثنا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ هُوَ ابْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا حَبَّانُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ، أنبأ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، ثنا الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْخِرِّيتِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: " نَزَلَتْ {إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ} قَالَ: فُرِضَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لَا يَفِرَّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ، وَلَا قَوْمٌ مِنْ عَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهِمْ، فَجَهَدَ ذَلِكَ النَّاسَ وَشَقَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَنَزَلَتْ: {الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللهُ عَنْكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا فَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ} قَالَ: فَأُمِرُوا أَنْ لَا يَفِرَّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ رَجُلَيْنِ، وَلَا قَوْمٌ مِنْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَنَقَصَ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ بِقَدْرِ مَا خَفَّفَ مِنَ الْعِدَّةِ ". " هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ عَفَّانَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ حِينَ فُرِضَ أَنْ لَا يَفِرَّ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فَجَاءَ التَّخْفِيفُ، فَقَالَ: {الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللهُ عَنْكُمْ} [الأنفال: ٦٦]، الآية، فَلَمَّا خَفَّفَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ مِنَ الْعِدَّةِ نَقَصَ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ بِقَدْرِ مَا خَفَّفَ عَنْهُمْ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ.
Ikrimah narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that when this verse was revealed: "If there are twenty among you who are steadfast, they will overcome two hundred." [Surah al-Anfal: 65] he said: It was made obligatory upon them that one man should not flee from facing ten, nor a group from facing ten times their number. This was hard on the people, so this verse was revealed: "Now Allah has lightened your burden, and He knows that there is weakness in you. So if there are a hundred of you, they will overcome two hundred." [Surah al-Anfal: 66] The narrator said: (They were then ordered) that one man should not flee from facing two, nor a group from facing twice their number.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Patience was reduced by as much as the number was lightened.
(b) In the narration of Abdullah bin al-Mubarak (may Allah have mercy on him): It was hard on the Muslims when it was laid down that one should not flee from facing ten, so the command of lightening came. He said: "Now Allah has lightened your burden." [Surah al-Anfal: 66] So when Allah lightened the number for them, patience was reduced in proportion to what He had lightened for them.
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب السير / 18080
Hadith Grading محدثین: صحيح
Hadith Takhrij «صحيح۔ بخاري ٤٦٥٣»