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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من يجري عليه الرق
Chapter: Those to whom enslavement applies
Bayhaqi 18071 — Those to whom enslavement applies
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا ابْنُ مَنِيعٍ، ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، قَالَ: " أَبَقَتْ أَمَةٌ لِبَعْضِ الْعَرَبِ فَوَقَعَتْ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى، فَانْتَهَتْ إِلَى الْحِيِّ الَّذِي أَبَقَتْ مِنْهُمْ، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ، فَنَثَرَتْ لَهُ بَطْنُهَا، ثُمَّ عَثَرَ عَلَيْهَا سَيِّدُهَا فَاسْتَاقَهَا وَوَلَدَهَا، فَقَضَى عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لِلْعُذْرِيِّ - يَعْنِي قَضَى لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ - وَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ بِالْغُرَّةِ لِكُلِّ وَصِيفٍ وَصِيفٌ، وَلِكُلِّ وَصِيفَةٍ وَصِيفَةٌ، وَجَعَلَ ثَمَنَ الْغُرَّةِ إِذَا لَمْ تُوجَدْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى سِتِّينَ دِينَارًا أَوْ سَبْعَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ سِتَّ فَرَائِضَ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " وَهَذَا وَرَدَ فِي وَطْءِ الشُّبْهَةِ، فَيَكُونُ الْوَلَدُ حُرًّا وَعَلَيْهِ قِيمَتُهُ لِصَاحِبِ الْجَارِيَةِ، وَكَأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ رَأَى الْقِيمَةَ بِمَا نُقِلَ فِي هَذَا الْأَثَرِ إِنْ ثَبَتَ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَجَرَيَانُ الرِّقِّ عَلَى سَبَايَا بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَهَوَازِنَ صَحِيحٌ ثَابِتٌ، وَالْمَنُّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِإِطْلَاقِ السَّبَايَا تَفَضُّلٌ ".
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a slave-girl belonging to an Arab ran away, went from Wadi al-Qura and joined the very tribe from which she had run away. A man of Banu Udhrah married her, and she became pregnant. Then her master found out about her and took away the slave-girl and her child. Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled that the child belonged to that man of Udhrah, and imposed upon him one slave in exchange for each one; for townspeople he fixed the value of a slave at sixty dinars or seven hundred dirhams, and for a Bedouin six fara'id (camels).
The Shaykh says: This concerns intercourse under a mistaken assumption (of lawfulness), because the child will be free, and he is liable to pay the value to the owner of the slave-girl; and it seems that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) held the value to be what is transmitted in this report, if it is established, and Allah knows best. But slavery was applied to Banu al-Mustaliq and Hawazin, which is authentic and established, but later, as a favour, they were freed from slavery out of generosity.
The Shaykh says: This concerns intercourse under a mistaken assumption (of lawfulness), because the child will be free, and he is liable to pay the value to the owner of the slave-girl; and it seems that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) held the value to be what is transmitted in this report, if it is established, and Allah knows best. But slavery was applied to Banu al-Mustaliq and Hawazin, which is authentic and established, but later, as a favour, they were freed from slavery out of generosity.
