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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قتال أهل البغي
Book of Fighting the Rebels
باب: الرجل يقتل واحدا من المسلمين على التأويل، أو جماعة غير ممتنعين يقتلون واحدا كان عليهم القصاص
Chapter: A man who kills a Muslim on the basis of an interpretation, or a group without power who kill one man, are liable to retaliation
Bayhaqi 16759 — A man who kills a Muslim on the basis
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا} [الإسراء: 33]، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فِيمَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ الْمُسْلِمِ، وَقَتْلُ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ ". وَرُوِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنِ اعْتَبَطَ مُسْلِمًا بِغَيْرِ قَتْلٍ فَهُوَ قَوَدُ يَدِهِ ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah Almighty says: 'And whoever is killed unjustly, We have certainly given his heir authority (for retaliation)' [Surah al-Isra': 33].
And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, concerning the things by which a Muslim's blood becomes lawful: 'and killing a soul without right.'
And it is narrated from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): 'Whoever kills a Muslim without cause (unjustly), retaliation (shall be taken) for what his hand did.'"
And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, concerning the things by which a Muslim's blood becomes lawful: 'and killing a soul without right.'
And it is narrated from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): 'Whoever kills a Muslim without cause (unjustly), retaliation (shall be taken) for what his hand did.'"
وَاحْتُجَّ أَيْضًا بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فِي ابْنِ مُلْجَمٍ بَعْدَمَا ضَرَبَهُ: أَطْعِمُوهُ، وَاسْقُوهُ، أَحْسِنُوا إِسَارَهُ، فَإِنْ عِشْتُ فَأَنَا وَلِيُّ دَمِي، أَعْفُو إِنْ شِئْتُ وَإِنْ شِئْتُ اسْتَقَدْتُ، وَإِنْ مُتُّ فَقَتَلْتُمُوهُ فَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا.
Ja'far bin Muhammad narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said concerning Ibn Muljam (after he had struck him): Feed him and give him drink, and keep him well as a captive. If I survive, I am the guardian of my own blood: if I wish I will pardon, and if I wish I will take retaliation. And if I do not survive and you kill him, do not mutilate him (muthlah).
