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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قتال أهل البغي
Book of Fighting the Rebels
باب: أهل البغي إذا فاءوا لم يتبع مدبرهم، ولم يقتل أسيرهم، ولم يجهز على جريحهم، ولم يستمتع بشيء من أموالهم
Chapter: When rebels retreat, those who flee are not pursued, their captives are not killed, their wounded are not finished off, and none of their property is used
Bayhaqi 16754 — When rebels retreat, those who flee are not pursued
اُردوEn
وَفِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ، أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي فَاخِتَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أُتِيَ بِأَسِيرٍ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ، فَقَالَ: لَا تَقْتُلْنِي صَبْرًا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: لَا أَقَتُلُكَ صَبْرًا، إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ، فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَفِيكَ خَيْرٌ تُبَايِعُ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْحَرْبُ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ قَائِمَةٌ، وَمُعَاوِيَةُ يُقَاتِلُ جَادًّا فِي أَيَّامِهِ كُلِّهَا ⦗٣١٦⦘ مَنْتَصِفًا أَوْ مُسْتَعْلِيًا، وَعَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ لِأَسِيرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُعَاوِيَةَ: لَا أَقَتُلُكَ صَبْرًا، إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ: وَمُعَاوِيَةُ يُقَاتِلُ جَادًّا فِي أَيَّامِهِ كُلِّهَا مُنْتَصِفًا أَوْ مُسْتَعْلِيًا مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُسَاوِيهِ مَرَّةً فِي الْقِتَالِ، وَيَعْلُوهُ أُخْرَى، فَكَانَ فِئَةً لِهَذَا الْأَسِيرِ وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَجِزْ قَتْلَهُ. وَقِيلَ مُنْتَصِفًا عِنْدَ نَفْسِهِ لِدَعْوَاهُ أَنَّهُ يَطْلُبُ دَمَ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَمُسْتَعْلِيًا عِنْدَ غَيْرِهِ لِعِلْمِهِمْ بِأَنَّ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ بَرِيئًا مِنْ دَمِ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُسْنَدٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ ضَعِيفٌ.
Abu Fakhitah (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a captive was brought to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) on the day of Siffin. He said: "Do not kill me in bound execution (sabran)." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will not kill you in bound execution; I fear Allah, the Lord of the worlds," and he let him go. Then he asked: "Is there any good in you — will you give the pledge of allegiance?" Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The war on the day of Siffin was ongoing, and Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) was fighting in earnest throughout all its days, sometimes on equal terms and sometimes gaining the upper hand, and (yet) Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was saying to a captive from among the companions of Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him): "I will not kill you in bound execution; I fear Allah, the Lord of the worlds." The Shaykh says: Al-Shafi'i's words "Mu'awiyah was fighting in earnest throughout all its days, sometimes on equal terms and sometimes gaining the upper hand" mean that at times he was his equal in the fighting and at other times he got the better of him, so he was a fighting party (to fall back on) for this captive; and despite that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) did not kill him, nor did he consider killing him permissible. It has also been said: "on equal terms" in his own view, because of his claim that he was seeking (retribution for) the blood of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), and "gaining the upper hand" in the view of others, because they knew that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was innocent of the blood of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him); but the first is more correct.
A musnad (connected) hadith has been narrated on this, but it is da'if (weak).
A musnad (connected) hadith has been narrated on this, but it is da'if (weak).
