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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
باب: جناية الغلام يكون للفقراء
Chapter: The offence of a slave boy owned by the poor
Bayhaqi 16366 — The offence of a slave boy owned by the poor
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ثنا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ غُلَامًا لِأُنَاسٍ فُقَرَاءَ قَطَعَ أُذُنَ غُلَامٍ لِأُنَاسٍ أَغْنِيَاءَ، فَأَتَى أَهْلُهُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّا أُنَاسٌ فُقَرَاءُ، فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: إِنْ كَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْغُلَامِ الْمَذْكُورِ فِيهِ الْمَمْلُوكَ فَإِجْمَاعُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى أَنَّ جِنَايَةَ الْعَبْدِ فِي رَقَبَتِهِ يَدُلُّ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ عَلَى أَنَّ الْجِنَايَةَ كَانَتْ خَطَأً، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ الْتَزَمَ أَرْشَ جِنَايَتِهِ فَأَعْطَاهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ مُتَبَرِّعًا بِذَلِكَ وَقَدْ حَمَلَهُ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ عَلَى أَنَّ الْجَانِيَ كَانَ حُرًّا، وَكَانَتِ الْجِنَايَةُ خَطَأً، وَكَانَ عَاقِلَتُهُ فُقَرَاءَ، فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا، إِمَّا لِفَقْرِهِمْ، وَإِمَّا لِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ الْجِنَايَةَ الْوَاقِعَةَ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ إِنْ كَانَ الْمَجْنِيُّ عَلَيْهِ مَمْلُوكًا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْجَانِي غُلَامًا حُرًّا غَيْرَ بَالِغٍ، وَكَانَتْ جِنَايَتُهُ عَمْدًا، فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ أَرْشَهَا عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ، وَكَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ فِي الْحَالِ عَلَيْهِ، أَوْ رَآهُ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ فَوَجَدَهُمْ فُقَرَاءَ فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ عَلَيْهِ لِكَوْنِ جِنَايَتِهِ فِي حُكْمِ الْخَطَأِ، وَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ لِكَوْنِهِمْ فُقَرَاءَ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said that a slave boy belonging to poor people cut off the ear of a slave boy belonging to rich people. His people came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: We are poor people. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not impose anything on them.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If the slave boy mentioned here means a slave (owned), then the consensus of the people of knowledge that a slave's crime is upon his own neck indicates, and Allah knows best, that this crime of his was by mistake. He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not impose anything on him, and paid it from his own side as a voluntary gift.
Abu Sulayman al-Khattabi (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the culprit was free and this mistake happened from him, and his 'aqilah (paternal kinsmen) were poor, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not impose anything on them; either because of their poverty, or because they do not bear the diyah for a crime committed against a slave, if the victim was a slave. And Allah knows best.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It may also be that the culprit was a free, under-age boy and his crime was deliberate, so its diyah would not fall on the 'aqilah, and he himself was poor, so it was not taken from him (at that time).
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If the slave boy mentioned here means a slave (owned), then the consensus of the people of knowledge that a slave's crime is upon his own neck indicates, and Allah knows best, that this crime of his was by mistake. He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not impose anything on him, and paid it from his own side as a voluntary gift.
Abu Sulayman al-Khattabi (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the culprit was free and this mistake happened from him, and his 'aqilah (paternal kinsmen) were poor, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not impose anything on them; either because of their poverty, or because they do not bear the diyah for a crime committed against a slave, if the victim was a slave. And Allah knows best.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It may also be that the culprit was a free, under-age boy and his crime was deliberate, so its diyah would not fall on the 'aqilah, and he himself was poor, so it was not taken from him (at that time).
