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13 Jumada I 1448 AH

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Bayhaqi 13970 — Collected chapters on marrying the free women

قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ} [الممتحنة: 10]، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَزَعَمَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ أَنَّهَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِي مُهَاجِرَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، فَسَمَّاهَا بَعْضُهُمُ ابْنَةَ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، وَأَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أَهْلُ أَوْثَانٍ، وَإِنَّ قَوْلَ اللهِ تَعَالَى {وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ} [الممتحنة: 10] نَزَلَتْ فِي مُهَاجِرٍ، مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ مُؤْمِنًا وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الْهُدْنَةِ.
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: "When believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them. Allah knows best about their faith. Then if you know them to be believers, do not return them to the disbelievers; neither are they (the women) lawful for them (the disbelievers), nor are they (the disbelievers) lawful for them." [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Some of the scholars who have knowledge of the Qur'an hold that this verse was revealed about a woman emigrant from among the people of Makkah, and some of them named her as the daughter of Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt (Sayyidah Umm Kulthum (may Allah be pleased with her)). The people of Makkah were idol-worshippers. And (they hold) that the saying of Allah Almighty, 'And do not hold on to the marriage ties of disbelieving women' [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10], was revealed about a believing male emigrant from among the people of Makkah, and that it (this verse) was revealed during the period of the truce (of Hudaybiyah)."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي كَامِلٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ، ثنا ابْنُ أَخِي ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ، وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ، يُخْبِرَانِ خَبَرًا مِنْ خَبَرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ غَزْوَةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَكَانَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ لَمَّا كَاتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ عَلَى قَضِيَّةِ الْمُدَّةِ كَانَ فِيمَا اشْتَرَطَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّهُ لَا يَأْتِيكَ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِكَ، إِلَّا رَدَدْتَهُ إِلَيْنَا، وَخَلَّيْتَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ، وَأَبَى سُهَيْلٌ أَنْ يُقَاضِيَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَّا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَكَرِهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ذَلِكَ، وَأَلْغَطُوا فِيهِ وَتَكَلَّمُوا فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا أَبَى سُهَيْلٌ أَنْ يُقَاضِيَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، إِلَّا عَلَى ذَلِكَ كَاتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَرَدَّ أَبَا جَنْدَلِ بْنَ سُهَيْلٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ إِلَى أَبِيهِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَلَمْ يَأْتِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ، إِلَّا رَدَّ فِي تِلْكَ الْمُدَّةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ⦗٢٧٧⦘ مُسْلِمًا، ثُمَّ جَاءَتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ، وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ كُلْثُومِ بِنْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ مِمَّنْ هَاجَرَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهِيَ عَاتِقٌ، فَجَاءَ أَهْلُهَا يَسْأَلُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُرْجِعَهَا إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ مَا أَنْزَلَ "، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ.
Marwan bin al-Hakam and Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with them both) told me that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had the agreement for the fixed period written with Suhayl bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) on the day of Hudaybiyah, among the conditions Suhayl bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) laid down was: if any man of ours comes to you, even if he is on your religion, you must return him, and you will stand aside between us and him. Suhayl (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to make the agreement with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on anything other than that. The believers found this agreement hard to bear; they raised a clamour and spoke about it.
Suhayl (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the agreement would only be on this condition, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had it written. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him), the son of Suhayl (may Allah be pleased with him), to Suhayl (may Allah be pleased with him). If any Muslim man came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) during that period, he would return him. Then, when the believing women came as emigrants, among them was Umm Kulthum (may Allah be pleased with her), the daughter of Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt; she was free, and her family demanded her return. Then Allah revealed concerning those believing women whatever He revealed.
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النكاح / 13970
Hadith Grading محدثین: صحيح
Hadith Takhrij «صحيح۔ بخاري 4181»

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