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Bayhaqi 13793 — Reports on the explanation of the other kind

وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَرِثُوا النِّسَاءَ كَرْهًا} [النساء: ١٩] قَالَ: " كَانَ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ الرَّجُلُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَمَدَ حَمِيمُ الْمَيِّتِ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ، فَأَلْقَى عَلَيْهَا ثَوْبًا، فَيَرِثُ نِكَاحَهَا، فَيَكُونُ هُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، وَقَوْلُهُ: {وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ} [النساء: ١٩] مِنَ الْمَهْرِ، فَهُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَعْضِلُ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَيَحْبِسُهَا وَلَا حَاجَةَ لَهُ فِيهَا إِرَادَةَ أَنْ تَفْتَدِيَ مِنْهُ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: {وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ} [النساء: ١٩]، يَقُولُ: وَلَا تَحْبِسُوهُنَّ {لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ} [النساء: ١٩] يَعْنِي: مَا أَعْطَيْتُمُوهُنَّ {إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ} [النساء: ١٩]، يَعْنِي الْعِصْيَانَ الْبَيِّنَ وَهُوَ النُّشُوزُ، فَقَدْ أَحَلَّ اللهُ الضَّرْبَ وَالْهُجْرَانَ، فَإِنْ أَبَتْ حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْفِدْيَةُ "، وَتَمَامُ هَذَا الْبَابِ يَرِدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسَمِ حَيْثُ نَقَلْنَا كَلَامَ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ.
Muqatil bin Hayyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said regarding the saying of Allah Almighty: "O you who believe! It is not lawful for you to inherit women by force." [Surah al-Nisa': 19]: In the Jahiliyyah, when a man died, the heirs of the deceased would throw a cloth over his wife and thereby become heirs to her marriage, and they would have the greater right to marry her. Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "And do not restrain them so that you may take away part of what you have given them." [Surah al-Nisa': 19], that is, the mahr. A man would restrain a woman even though he had no need of her, intending only (that she pay) a ransom. This is the saying of Allah Almighty: "And do not restrain them." He said: Do not prevent them, or do not hold them back. "So that you may take away part of what you have given them": that is, what you have granted them. "Except if they commit a clear immorality" [Surah al-Nisa': 19]: that is, open disobedience. Because of this Allah Almighty has permitted striking and separation, and if she (still) refuses, then ransom also becomes permissible.
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النكاح / 13793
Hadith Grading محدثین: حسن
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