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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: ميراث المرتد
Chapter: The inheritance of an apostate
Bayhaqi 12463 — The inheritance of an apostate
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّرِيفُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ، أنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أنا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أنا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبِيدِ بْنِ الْأَبْرَصِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ جَالِسًا حِينَ أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي عِجْلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْمَسْتَوْرِدُ، كَانَ مُسْلِمًا فَتَنَصَّرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " مَا ذَاكَ؟ " فَقَالَ: وَجَدْتُ دِينَهُمْ خَيْرًا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ، قَالَ: " وَمَا دِينُكَ؟ " قَالَ: دِينُ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، قَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " وَأَنَا عَلَى دِينِ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَلَكِنْ مَا تَقُولُ فِي عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ؟ " فَقَالَ كَلِمَةً خَفِيَتْ عَلَيَّ لَمْ أَفْهَمْهَا، فَزَعَمَ الْقَوْمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَنَّهُ رَبُّهُ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " اقْتُلُوهُ، فَتَوَطَّأَهُ الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى مَاتَ "، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ أَهْلُ الْحِيرَةِ فَأَعْطَوا يَعْنِي بِجِيفَتِهِ اثْنَى عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِمْ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَأَمَرَ بِهَا فَأُحْرِقَتْ بِالنَّارِ، وَلَمْ يَعْرِضْ لِمَالِهِ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا الشَّعْبِيُّ وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْمَالِ. ثُمَّ قَدْ جَعَلَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِخَصْمِهِ ثَابِتًا، وَاعْتَذَرَ فِي تَرْكِهِ قَوْلَهُ بِظَاهِرِ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ، وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ "، كَمَا تَرَكُوا بِهِ قَوْلَ مُعَاذٍ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا فِي تَوْرِيثِ الْمُسْلِمِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِيِّ.
Ibn Ubayd bin al-Abras said: I was sitting with Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) when a man from Banu Ijl called al-Mustawrid was brought. He had been a Muslim, then became a Christian. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) asked him: Why did you do that? He said: I found their religion better than your religion. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: What is your religion? He said: The religion of Isa (peace be upon him). Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I too am on the religion of Isa (peace be upon him); but what do you say about Isa (peace be upon him)? He said a word that was hidden from me and I did not understand it, and the people claimed he had said that he (Isa) was his Lord. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Kill him. The people trampled him until he died. Then the people of al-Hirah came and offered twelve thousand for his corpse, but Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) refused them and ordered that it be burned with fire, and he did not touch his wealth.
Al-Sha'bi and Abd al-Malik bin Umayr also narrated it from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) without mention of the wealth. Moreover, al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) treated it as established for the sake of his opponent, and excused his not following it by the apparent meaning of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "A Muslim does not inherit from a disbeliever, nor a disbeliever from a Muslim," just as they (his opponents) abandoned on that basis the view of Mu'adh and Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with them both) and others that a Muslim inherits from a Jew.
Al-Sha'bi and Abd al-Malik bin Umayr also narrated it from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) without mention of the wealth. Moreover, al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) treated it as established for the sake of his opponent, and excused his not following it by the apparent meaning of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "A Muslim does not inherit from a disbeliever, nor a disbeliever from a Muslim," just as they (his opponents) abandoned on that basis the view of Mu'adh and Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with them both) and others that a Muslim inherits from a Jew.
