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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: من ورث الإخوة للأب والأم أو الأب مع الجد
Chapter: Those who gave full or paternal brothers inheritance along with the grandfather
Bayhaqi 12428 — Those who gave full or paternal brothers inheritance
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، قَالَا: ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَقِيلِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ اسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمًا، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ وَرَأْسُهُ فِي يَدِ جَارِيَةٍ لَهُ تُرَجِّلُهُ، فَنَزَعَ رَأْسَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: " دَعْهَا تُرَجِّلُكَ "، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَوْ أَرْسَلْتَ إِلِيَّ جِئْتُكَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " إِنَّمَا الْحَاجَةُ لِي، إِنِّي جِئْتُكَ لِتَنْظُرَ فِي أَمْرِ الْجَدِّ "، فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: لَا وَاللهِ، مَا يَقُولُ فِيهِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " لَيْسَ هُوَ بِوَحْيٍ حَتَّى نَزِيدَ فِيهِ وَنَنْقُصَ مِنْهُ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ نَرَاهُ، فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَهُ وَافَقَنِي تَبِعْتَهُ، وَإِلَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ "، فَأَبَى زَيْدٌ، فَخَرَجَ مُغْضَبًا قَالَ: قَدْ جِئْتُكَ وَأَنَا أَظُنُّكَ سَتَفْرُغُ مِنْ حَاجَتِي، ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فِي السَّاعَةِ الَّتِي أَتَاهُ الْمَرَّةَ الْأُولَى، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى قَالَ: فَسَأَكْتُبُ لَكَ فِيهِ، فَكَتَبَهُ فِي قِطْعَةِ قَتَبٍ، وَضَرَبَ لَهُ مَثَلًا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلُهُ مَثَلُ شَجَرَةٍ نَبَتَتْ عَلَى سَاقٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَخَرَجَ فِيهَا غُصْنٌ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فِي الْغُصْنِ غُصْنٌ آخَرُ، فَالسَّاقُ يَسْقِي الْغُصْنَ، فَإِنْ قُطِعَ الْغُصْنُ الْأَوَّلُ رَجَعَ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْغُصْنِ، يَعْنِي الثَّانِي، وَإِنْ قَطَعْتَ الثَّانِي رَجَعَ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْأَوَّلِ، فَأَتَى بِهِ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ قِطْعَةَ الْقَتَبِ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " إِنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ قَدْ قَالَ فِي الْجَدِّ قَوْلًا وَقَدْ أَمْضَيْتُهُ "، قَالَ: " وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ جَدٍّ كَانَ "، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الْمَالَ كُلَّهُ، مَالَ ابْنِ ابْنِهِ، دُونَ إِخْوَتِهِ، فَقَسَمَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Sa'id bin Sulayman bin Zayd bin Thabit narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him), that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) asked permission to come in to Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him). He was given permission. At that time the head of Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) was in the hands of his slave girl, who was combing his hair, and he pulled his head away (out of modesty). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him): "Let her comb your hair." Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Believers! Had you sent for me, I would have come to you myself." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The need is mine; I have come to you so that you may consider the matter of the grandfather (his inheritance)." Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah, we have said nothing about the grandfather." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It is not revelation, such that we could not add to it or take from it; it is only something we hold as an opinion. If you see it agreeing with me, follow it; otherwise there is nothing upon you in it." Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) refused, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) went away angry and said: "I came to you thinking that you would fulfil my need." Then he came a second time at the same hour as the first time, and kept at him until Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will write something for you." So Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote it on a piece of a camel saddle (a wooden board) and set out a parable for it: "The likeness of this grandfather is that of a tree that grows on a single trunk. A branch comes out of it, then another branch comes out of that branch. The trunk waters the branch. If you cut off the first branch, the water returns to the second branch, and if you cut off the second, the water returns to the first." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) brought it and addressed the people, then read out that piece of the saddle and said: "This is what Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) has said about the grandfather, and I have put it into effect." (The narrator said:) Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was the first grandfather (to inherit). He had intended to take all the wealth of his grandson himself, to the exclusion of his brothers, but Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) afterwards divided it.
