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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: من قال بتوريث ذوي الأرحام
Chapter: Those who held that relatives through the womb inherit
Bayhaqi 12218 — Those who held that relatives through the womb inherit
اُردوEn
وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْيَزَنِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ ⦗٣٥٥⦘ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فِي قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَهَا قَالَ: " فَلَمْ يَلْبَثِ ابْنُ الدَّحْدَاحِ إِلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى جَاءَ كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَخَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَاتَلَهُ، فَقُتِلَ شَهِيدًا " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْفَرَائِضِ فِيمَا يُثْبِتُ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي بَنَاتِ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، وَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ بَعْدَ أُحُدٍ فِي بَنَاتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ بَعْدَ أَمْرِ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الدَّحْدَاحَةِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: فِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَقَوْلِهِ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِنَّمَا يَرِثُنِي كَلَالَةٌ، فَكَيْفَ الْمِيرَاثُ؟ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْفَرَائِضِ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ بَعْدَ أُحُدٍ، فَإِنَّ قَبْلَ أُحُدٍ كَانَ أَبُوهُ حَيًّا، وَإِنَّمَا قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ شَهِيدًا، وَخَلَّفَ جَابِرًا وَبَنَاتٍ لَهُ، فَحِينَ مَرِضَ جَابِرٌ كَانَ لَهُ أَخَوَاتٌ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَبٌ وَلَا وَلَدٌ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا يَرِثُنِي كَلَالَةٌ، فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْفَرَائِضِ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِيهِ آيَةُ الْفَرَائِضِ الَّتِي فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ، وَنَزَلَتِ الَّتِي فِي أَوَّلِهَا فِي ابْنَتَيْ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ.
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Ibn al-Dahdah remained only a short while until the disbelievers of Quraysh came on the day of Uhud. He too went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), fought them, and was martyred.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The verse of inheritance was revealed concerning the daughters of Mahmud bin Maslamah, who died on the day of Khaybar; and it has also been said that it was revealed after Uhud concerning the daughters of Sa'd bin al-Rabi'. All of this came after the matter of Thabit bin al-Dahdah.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The hadith of Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) which we have mentioned, his saying to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): Only a kalalah will inherit from me, so how will the inheritance be divided? and then the verse of inheritance was revealed, indicates that the verse of inheritance was revealed after Uhud. This is because before Uhud his father was alive, and he was martyred on the day of Uhud, leaving behind Jabir and his daughters. When Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) fell ill, he had sisters but neither a father nor children, so he said: Only a kalalah will inherit from me, and the verse of inheritance was revealed. It has also been said that the verse of inheritance revealed concerning him is the one at the end of Surah al-Nisa, and the verse of inheritance at its beginning was revealed concerning the daughters of Sa'd bin al-Rabi', as Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The verse of inheritance was revealed concerning the daughters of Mahmud bin Maslamah, who died on the day of Khaybar; and it has also been said that it was revealed after Uhud concerning the daughters of Sa'd bin al-Rabi'. All of this came after the matter of Thabit bin al-Dahdah.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The hadith of Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) which we have mentioned, his saying to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): Only a kalalah will inherit from me, so how will the inheritance be divided? and then the verse of inheritance was revealed, indicates that the verse of inheritance was revealed after Uhud. This is because before Uhud his father was alive, and he was martyred on the day of Uhud, leaving behind Jabir and his daughters. When Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) fell ill, he had sisters but neither a father nor children, so he said: Only a kalalah will inherit from me, and the verse of inheritance was revealed. It has also been said that the verse of inheritance revealed concerning him is the one at the end of Surah al-Nisa, and the verse of inheritance at its beginning was revealed concerning the daughters of Sa'd bin al-Rabi', as Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said.
