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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب اللقطة
Book of Lost Property
باب: بيان مدة التعريف
Chapter: Explanation of the period of announcement
Bayhaqi 12094 — Explanation of the period of announcement
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُسَافِرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الزَّمْعِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ دَخَلَ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ، وَحَسَنٌ وَحُسَيْنٌ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ ⦗٣٢١⦘ يَبْكِيَانِ، فَقَالَ: مَا يُبْكِيهِمَا؟ قَالَتِ: الْجُوعُ، فَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَوَجَدَ دِينَارًا بِالسُّوقِ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ فَأَخْبَرَهَا، فَقَالَتِ: اذْهَبْ إِلَى فُلَانٍ الْيَهُودِيِّ فَخُذْ لَنَا دَقِيقًا، فَجَاءَ الْيَهُودِيَّ فَاشْتَرَى بِهِ دَقِيقًا، فَقَالَ الْيَهُودِيُّ: أَنْتَ خَتَنُ هَذَا الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ فَخُذْ دِينَارَكَ وَلَكَ الدَّقِيقُ، فَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ بِه فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ فَأَخْبَرَهَا، فَقَالَتِ: اذْهَبْ إِلَى فُلَانٍ الْجَزَّارِ فَخُذْ لَنَا بِدِرْهَمٍ لَحْمًا، فَذَهَبَ وَرَهَنَ الدِّينَارَ بِدِرْهَمٍ لَحْمًا، فَجَاءَ بِهِ فَعَجَنَتْ وَنَصَبَتْ وَخَبَزَتْ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِيهَا فَجَاءَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَذْكُرُ لَكَ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَهُ لَنَا حَلَالًا أَكَلْنَاهُ وَأَكَلْتَ، مِنْ شَأْنِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَقَالَ: " كُلُوا بِاسْمِ اللهِ "، فَأَكَلُوا، فَبَيْنَا هُمْ مَكَانَهُمْ إِذَا غُلَامٌ يَنْشُدُ اللهَ وَالْإِسْلَامَ الدِّينَارَ، فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدُعِيَ لَهُ، فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: سَقَطَ مِنِّي فِي السُّوقِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَا عَلِيُّ اذْهَبْ إِلَى الْجَزَّارِ فَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لَكَ: أَرْسِلْ إِلِيَّ بِالدِّينَارِ وَدِرْهَمُكَ عَلَيَّ "، فَأَرْسَلَ بِهِ، فَدَفَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: ظَاهِرُ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَنْفَقَهُ قَبْلَ التَّعْرِيفِ فِي الْوَقْتِ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعَرِّفَهُ فَلَمْ يُعْتَرَفْ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ، وَظَاهِرُ تِلْكَ الرِّوَايَةِ أَنَّهُ شَرَطَ التَّعْرِيفَ فِي الْوَقْتِ وَأَبَاحَ أَكْلَهُ قَبْلَ مُضِيِّ السَّنَةِ، وَالْأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي اشْتِرَاطِ التَّعْرِيفِ سَنَةً فِي جَوَازِ الْأَكْلِ أَصَحُّ وَأَكْثَرُ، فَهِيَ أَوْلَى، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا أَبَاحَ لَهُ إِنْفَاقَهُ قَبْلَ مُضِيِّ سَنَةٍ لِوُقُوعِ الِاضْطِرَارِ إِلَيْهِ، وَالْقِصَّةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ مُضِيَّ سَنَةٍ فِي قَلِيلِ اللُّقَطَةِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sahl bin Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) went in to Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), and Hasan and Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them both) were crying. He asked: "Why are these two crying?" Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Because of hunger. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) went out of the house and found a dinar in the market. Then he came to Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) and told her. Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Go to such-and-such Jew and bring us flour. He came to the Jew and bought flour from him. The Jew said: Are you the son-in-law of the man who claims that he is the Messenger of Allah? Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes. He said: Take your dinar back, and the flour too. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) went out, came to Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) and told her. Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Go to such-and-such butcher and bring us a dirham's worth of meat. He went and pledged the dinar for a dirham's worth of meat and brought the meat. Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) kneaded the dough and baked bread, then she sent for her father (Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)). He (peace and blessings be upon him) came to them. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I will tell you; if you consider it lawful for us, we will eat and you will eat too." Then he described the whole matter. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Eat in the name of Allah." So they ate. They were still in their place when a boy was calling out about a lost dinar. On the order of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) he was called and questioned, and he said: My dinar fell in the market. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Ali! Go to the butcher and tell him that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) says to you: Send the dinar back, and your dirham is owed by me." He (the butcher) sent the dinar, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave that dinar to him (the boy).
The Shaykh said: The apparent meaning of the hadith of Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) indicates that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) spent it before announcing it. In another narration from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to announce it, but no one recognised it, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to eat it. The apparent meaning of that narration indicates that announcing it at that time was a condition, and that eating it before a year passed is permissible. The ahadith that have come stipulating a year of announcement before it may be eaten are more authentic and more numerous, so they take priority. It is also possible that eating it before a year passed was permitted to him because of necessity, and the story points to that; and it is also possible that the passing of a year is not a condition for a small item.
The Shaykh said: The apparent meaning of the hadith of Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) indicates that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) spent it before announcing it. In another narration from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to announce it, but no one recognised it, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to eat it. The apparent meaning of that narration indicates that announcing it at that time was a condition, and that eating it before a year passed is permissible. The ahadith that have come stipulating a year of announcement before it may be eaten are more authentic and more numerous, so they take priority. It is also possible that eating it before a year passed was permitted to him because of necessity, and the story points to that; and it is also possible that the passing of a year is not a condition for a small item.
