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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الهبات
Book of Gifts
باب: ما يستدل به على أن أمره بالتسوية بينهم في العطية على الاختيار دون الإيجاب
Chapter: What indicates that his command to treat them equally in gifts is a recommendation, not an obligation
Bayhaqi 12004 — What indicates that his command to treat them equally
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا قَاسِمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْمُقْرِئُ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْبِسْطَامِيُّ، ثنا أَزْهَرُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ قَالَ: نَحَلَنِي أَبِي نِحْلَةً ثُمَّ أَتَى بِيَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُشْهِدُهُ، فَقَالَ: " أَكُلَّ بَنِيكَ أَعْطَيْتَهُ هَذَا؟ " قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: " أَلَيْسَ تُرِيدُ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الْبِرِّ مَا تُرِيدُ مِنْ هَذَا؟ " قَالَ: بَلَى، قَالَ: " فَإِنِّي لَا أَشْهَدُ " قَالَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ: فَحَدَّثْتُهُ مُحَمَّدًا يَعْنِي ابْنَ سِيرِينَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا تُحِدِّثْنَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " قَارِبُوا بَيْنَ أَوْلَادِكُمْ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ النَّوْفَلِيِّ، عَنْ أَزْهَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ فَضَّلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا بِنُحْلٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ نَحَلَنِي جِدَادَ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ مَالِهِ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ جَلَسَ فَاحْتَبَى ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، أَيْ بُنَيَّةُ، إِنَّ أَحَبَّ النَّاسِ إِلِيَّ غِنًى بَعْدِي لَأَنْتِ، وَإِنِّي كُنْتُ نَحَلْتُكِ جِدَادَ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ مَالِي، فَوَدِدْتُ وَاللهِ أَنَّكِ كُنْتِ حُزْتِيهِ وَاجْتَدَدْتِيهِ، وَلَكِنْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ الْيَوْمُ مَالُ الْوَارِثِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ أَخَوَاكِ وَأُخْتَاكِ، قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَتَاهُ، هَذِهِ أَسْمَاءُ، فَمَنِ الْأُخْرَى؟ قَالَ: ذُو بَطْنِ ابْنَةِ خَارِجَةَ، أُرَاهَا جَارِيَةً، قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ أَعْطَيْتَنِي مَا بَيْنَ كَذَا إِلَى كَذَا لَرَدَدْتُهُ إِلَيْكَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفَضَّلَ عُمَرُ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عُمَرَ بِشَيْءٍ أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ وَفَضَّلَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ وَلَدَ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Nu'man bin Bashir (may Allah be pleased with them both): My father gave me a gift, then he brought me to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to make him a witness. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Have you given this to all your sons?" He said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do you not want from them the same kindness that you want from this one?" He said: Of course. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then I will not bear witness." Ibn Awn said: I narrated this to Muhammad, meaning Ibn Sirin, and he said: We were told that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Keep your children close to equal."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) favoured Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) with a gift.
The Shaykh says: Urwah bin al-Zubayr says: Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had given me, from his wealth, dates to be harvested amounting to twenty wasqs. When death approached him, he sat up with his knees drawn up, recited the testimony of faith, and then said: To proceed: my dear daughter, of all people the one I would most love to be well-off after me is you. I had given you dates to be harvested amounting to twenty wasqs from my wealth. By Allah, I wish you had taken possession of it and harvested it, but today it is the wealth of the heirs, and they are your two brothers and two sisters. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O my father, this is Asma; so who is the other? He said: The one in the womb of the daughter of Kharijah; I think it is a girl. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Even if you had given me more than this, I would have returned it to you.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) favoured Asim bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) by giving him something, and Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) favoured the children of Umm Kulthum.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) favoured Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) with a gift.
The Shaykh says: Urwah bin al-Zubayr says: Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had given me, from his wealth, dates to be harvested amounting to twenty wasqs. When death approached him, he sat up with his knees drawn up, recited the testimony of faith, and then said: To proceed: my dear daughter, of all people the one I would most love to be well-off after me is you. I had given you dates to be harvested amounting to twenty wasqs from my wealth. By Allah, I wish you had taken possession of it and harvested it, but today it is the wealth of the heirs, and they are your two brothers and two sisters. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O my father, this is Asma; so who is the other? He said: The one in the womb of the daughter of Kharijah; I think it is a girl. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Even if you had given me more than this, I would have returned it to you.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) favoured Asim bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) by giving him something, and Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) favoured the children of Umm Kulthum.
