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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المزارعة
Book of Sharecropping
باب: ما جاء في قطع السدرة
Chapter: Reports on cutting down a lote tree
Bayhaqi 11770 — Reports on cutting down a lote tree
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ، قَالَا: ثنا حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ هِشَامَ بْنَ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ قَطْعِ السِّدْرِ، وَهُوَ مُسْنِدٌ إِلَى قَصْرِ عُرْوَةَ، فَقَالَ: أَتَرَى هَذِهِ الْأَبْوَابَ وَالْمَصَارِيعَ؟ إِنَّمَا هِيَ مِنْ سِدْرِ عُرْوَةَ، كَانَ عُرْوَةُ يَقْطَعُهُ مِنْ أَرْضِهِ وَقَالَ: " لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ " زَادَ حُمَيْدٌ فَقَالَ: هِيَ يَا عِرَاقِيُّ، جِئْتَنِي بِبِدْعَةٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: إِنَّمَا الْبِدْعَةُ مِنْ قِبَلِكُمْ، سَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَقُولُ بِمَكَّةَ: لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ قَطَعَ السِّدْرَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: ثُمَّ سَاقَ مَعْنَاهُ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: يَعْنِي مَنْ قَطَعَ السِّدْرَ فِي فَلَاةٍ يَسْتَظِلُّ بِهَا ابْنُ السَّبِيلِ وَالْبَهَائِمُ عَبَثًا وَظُلْمًا بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ يَكُونُ لَهُ فِيهَا. قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْعَاصِمِيِّ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ الْفَرَجِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ عَنْ قَطْعِ السِّدْرِ، فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " اغْسِلْهُ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ " قُلْتُ: فَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي قَاطِعِ السِّدْرِ يَكُونُ مَحْمُولًا عَلَى مَا حَمَلَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ إِنْ صَحَّ طَرِيقُهُ، فَفِيهِ مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ مَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْطَعُهُ مِنْ أَرْضِهِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ رُوَاةِ النَّهْيِ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّهْيُ خَاصًّا كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ أَنَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذَا، فَقَالَ: وَجْهُهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَمَّنْ هَجَمَ عَلَى قَطْعِ سِدْرٍ لِقَوْمٍ أَوْ لِيَتِيمٍ أَوْ لِمَنْ حَرَّمَ اللهُ أَنْ يُقْطَعَ عَلَيْهِ، فَتَحَامَلَ عَلَيْهِ بِقَطْعِهِ فَاسْتَحَقَّ مَا قَالَهُ، فَتَكُونَ الْمَسْأَلَةُ سَبَقَتِ السَّامِعَ، فَسَمِعَ الْجَوَابَ وَلَمْ يَسْمَعِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ، وَجَعَلَ نَظِيرَهُ حَدِيثَ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَنَّ ⦗٢٣٤⦘ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِنَّمَا الرِّبَا فِي النَّسِيئَةِ "، فَسَمِعَ الْجَوَابَ وَلَمْ يَسْمَعِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ، وَقَدْ قَالَ: " لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، يَدًا بِيَدٍ "، وَاحْتَجَّ الْمُزَنِيُّ بِمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ مِنْ إِجَازَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُغَسَّلَ الْمَيِّتُ بِالسِّدْرِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ حَرَامًا لَمْ يَجُزِ الِانْتِفَاعُ بِهِ، قَالَ: وَالْوَرَقُ مِنَ السِّدْرِ كَالْغُصْنِ، وَقَدْ سَوَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيمَا حَرَّمَ قَطْعَهُ مِنْ شَجَرِ الْحَرَمِ بَيْنَ وَرَقِهِ وَبَيْنَ غَيْرِهِ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا يُمْنَعُ مِنْ وَرَقِ السِّدْرِ دَلَّ عَلَى جَوَازِ قَطْعِ السِّدْرِ.
(a) Hassan bin Ibrahim said: I asked Hisham bin Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) about cutting down lote trees while he was leaning against the house of Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him). He said: Do you see these doors and door-panels? They are from the lote trees of Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him). Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) cut them from his land and said: There is no harm in it. And Hisham said: O Iraqi, you have brought me an innovation! Hassan said: I said: The innovation is rather from your side; I heard (people) in Makkah say that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "cursed the one who cuts down lote trees." Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said: That is, whoever cuts down, frivolously and wrongfully and without any right of his own in it, a lote tree in open country under which travellers and animals take shade.
(b) Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Thawr (may Allah have mercy on him) asked Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) about cutting down lote trees, and he said: There is no harm in it. It has been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Wash him with water and lote leaves."
(c) I said: The hadith narrated about the one who cuts down lote trees is to be interpreted according to the explanation of Imam Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him), if its chain is sound; for it contains the discrepancies that we have mentioned earlier.
(d) We have narrated that Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) used to cut it down from his land, although he is one of the narrators of the prohibition; so it seems that the prohibition is specific, as Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said, and Allah knows best. Isma'il bin Yahya al-Muzani (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about this, and he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about someone who set about cutting down the lote trees of a people, or of an orphan, or of someone whose trees Allah has forbidden him to cut, and wronged him by cutting them, so he deserved what he (peace and blessings be upon him) said. So it is to be understood thus: the listener heard the answer but did not hear the question. It is like the hadith narrated from Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Usury (riba) is only in deferment." That narrator too did not hear the question but heard the answer, while he (peace and blessings be upon him) (also) said: "Do not sell gold for gold except like for like, hand to hand."
(e) Al-Muzani argued with what Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on them both) argued, namely that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted washing the deceased with lote leaves; had it been unlawful, benefiting from it would not have been permissible. He said: The leaves of the lote tree are like its branches, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), in forbidding the cutting of the trees of the Haram, treated the leaves and the rest alike. Since I have not seen anyone prevented from (taking) lote leaves, this shows that cutting down lote trees is permissible.
(b) Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Thawr (may Allah have mercy on him) asked Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) about cutting down lote trees, and he said: There is no harm in it. It has been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Wash him with water and lote leaves."
(c) I said: The hadith narrated about the one who cuts down lote trees is to be interpreted according to the explanation of Imam Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him), if its chain is sound; for it contains the discrepancies that we have mentioned earlier.
(d) We have narrated that Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) used to cut it down from his land, although he is one of the narrators of the prohibition; so it seems that the prohibition is specific, as Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said, and Allah knows best. Isma'il bin Yahya al-Muzani (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about this, and he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about someone who set about cutting down the lote trees of a people, or of an orphan, or of someone whose trees Allah has forbidden him to cut, and wronged him by cutting them, so he deserved what he (peace and blessings be upon him) said. So it is to be understood thus: the listener heard the answer but did not hear the question. It is like the hadith narrated from Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Usury (riba) is only in deferment." That narrator too did not hear the question but heard the answer, while he (peace and blessings be upon him) (also) said: "Do not sell gold for gold except like for like, hand to hand."
(e) Al-Muzani argued with what Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on them both) argued, namely that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted washing the deceased with lote leaves; had it been unlawful, benefiting from it would not have been permissible. He said: The leaves of the lote tree are like its branches, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), in forbidding the cutting of the trees of the Haram, treated the leaves and the rest alike. Since I have not seen anyone prevented from (taking) lote leaves, this shows that cutting down lote trees is permissible.
