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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشفعة
Book of Pre-emption
باب: الشفعة بالجوار
Chapter: Pre-emption by neighbourhood
Bayhaqi 11580 — Pre-emption by neighbourhood
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيِّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ الشَّرِيدِ يَقُولُ: وَضَعَ الْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ يَدَهُ هَذِهِ عَلَى مَنْكِبِي هَذَا، أَوْ هَذَا، فَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا سَعْدًا، فَجَلَسْنَا إِلَيْهِ، فَجَاءَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ فَقَالَ لِلْمِسْوَرِ: أَلَا تَأْمُرُ هَذَا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مِنِّي بَيْتِيَّ اللَّذَيْنِ مِنْ دَارِهِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: وَاللهِ لَا أَزِيدُكَ عَلَى أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ إِمَّا مُقَطَّعَةً وَإِمَّا مُنَجَّمَةً، فَقَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ لَقَدْ مَنَعْتُهُمَا مِنْ خَمْسِمِائَةٍ نَقْدًا، فَلَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ " مَا بِعْتُكَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ بِمَعْنَاهُ. وَفِي سِيَاقِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْخَبَرَ وَرَدَ فِي غَيْرِ الشُّفْعَةِ، وَأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِأَنْ يَعْرِضَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، وَإِنْ أَرَادَ بِهِ الشُّفْعَةَ فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَبُو رَافِعٍ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ مُتَطَوِّعٌ بِمَا صَنَعَ، وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ "، لَا يَحْتَمِلُ إِلَّا مَعْنَيَيْنِ لَا ثَالِثَ لَهُمَا، إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ أَنَّ الشُّفْعَةَ لِكُلِّ جَارٍ، أَوْ أَرَادَ بَعْضَ الْجِيرَانِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ، وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ لَا شُفْعَةَ فِيمَا قُسِمَ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الشُّفْعَةَ لِلْجَارِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُقَاسِمْ دُونَ الْجَارِ الْمُقَاسِمِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَعَلَى هَذَا يُحْمَلُ مَا:.
Amr bin al-Sharid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna al-Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with him) placed his hand on my shoulder, and I went with him until we came to Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him). We sat with him. Sayyiduna Abu Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) came and said to Sayyiduna al-Miswar (may Allah be pleased with him): "Will you not tell him to buy from me my two houses that are in his compound?" Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah, I will not give more than four hundred dinars, and I will pay in instalments." Sayyiduna Abu Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Glory be to Allah! I refused to give them for five hundred in cash. Had I not heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say, 'The neighbour has more right to what is adjacent to him,' I would never have sold them to you."
In the context of this incident there is evidence that the report came concerning something other than pre-emption, and that what was meant is that the neighbour has more right to be offered it than others. And if pre-emption was meant by it, then al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Abu Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) did what he did voluntarily, and the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), "The neighbour has more right to what is adjacent to him," can bear only two meanings, with no third: either he meant that pre-emption is for every neighbour, or he meant some neighbours and not others. And it is established from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that "there is no pre-emption in what has been divided." This indicates that pre-emption is for the neighbour who has not divided, and not for the neighbour who has divided.
In the context of this incident there is evidence that the report came concerning something other than pre-emption, and that what was meant is that the neighbour has more right to be offered it than others. And if pre-emption was meant by it, then al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Abu Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) did what he did voluntarily, and the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), "The neighbour has more right to what is adjacent to him," can bear only two meanings, with no third: either he meant that pre-emption is for every neighbour, or he meant some neighbours and not others. And it is established from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that "there is no pre-emption in what has been divided." This indicates that pre-emption is for the neighbour who has not divided, and not for the neighbour who has divided.
