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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
باب: من أجاز السلم في الحيوان بسن وصفة وأجل معلوم إن كان إلى أجل، ومن كرهه
Chapter: Those who permitted salam in animals by a known age, description and term if it is deferred, and those who disliked it
Bayhaqi 11107 — Those who permitted salam in animals by a known age
اُردوEn
وَفِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ تَكَلَّمْ مَعَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ قَالَ لَهُ: " إِنَّمَا كَرِهْنَا السَّلَمَ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ؛ لِأَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ كَرِهَهُ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ عَنْهُ، وَيَزْعُمُ الشَّعْبِيُّ الَّذِي هُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ كَرَاهِيَتَهُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَسْلَفَ لَهُ فِي لِقَاحِ فَحْلِ إِبِلٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، وَهَذَا مَكْرُوهٌ عِنْدَنَا وَعِنْدَ كُلِّ أَحَدٍ، هَذَا بَيْعُ الْمَلَاقِيحِ أَوِ الْمَضَامِينِ أَوْ هُمَا. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: يُرِيدُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِرِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مُنْقَطِعًا فِي الْكَرَاهِيَةِ، رِوَايَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَهِيَ أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقُلْتُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ: أَنْتَ أَخْبَرْتَنِي عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنْ ⦗٣٨⦘ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ أَنَّ بَنِي عَمٍّ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ أَتَوْا وَادِيًا فَصَنَعُوا شَيْئًا فِي إِبِلِ رَجُلٍ قَطَعُوا بِهِ لَبَنَ إِبِلِهِ، وَقَتَلُوا فِصَالَهَا، فَأَتَى عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ وَعِنْدَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، فَرَضِيَ بِحُكْمِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَحَكَمَ أَنْ يُعْطَى بِوَادِيهِ إِبِلًا مِثْلَ إِبِلِهِ، وَفِصَالًا مِثْلَ فِصَالِهِ، فَأَنْفَذَ ذَلِكَ عُثْمَانُ، فَيُرْوَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَضَى فِي حَيَوَانٍ بِحَيَوَانٍ مِثْلَهُ دَيْنًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا قَضَى بِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَأَعْطَاهُ بِوَادِيهِ كَانَ دَيْنًا، وَتَزِيدُ أَنْ تُرْوَى عَنْ عُثْمَانَ أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِهِ، وَأَنْتُمْ تَرْوُونَ عَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: أَسْلَمَ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي وُصَفَاءَ، أَحَدُهُمْ أَبُو زِيَادَةَ أَوْ أَبُو زَائِدَةَ مَوْلَانَا، وَتَرْوُونَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ أَجَازَ السَّلَمَ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ، وَعَنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ فِي أَبْوَابِ الرِّبَا أَنْ يُسْلَمَ فِي سِنٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَ الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ، وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ.
It is narrated from Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) that one of those who debated this issue with him said to him: "We dislike the salam sale in animals only because Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) disliked it." Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This report from him is munqati' (broken chain). And al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him), who is older than the one who narrated the dislike from him, holds that he (Ibn Mas'ud) made a salaf only in the offspring of the mating of a specific stud camel, and this is disliked by us and by everyone; this is the sale of malaqih or madamin (unborn offspring), or both.
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) says: By the report narrated from Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) with a broken chain concerning the dislike, al-Shafi'i means the report of Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him). As for the report of Sa'id bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) from Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), it is also munqati' (broken), since Sa'id bin Jubayr did not meet Ibn Mas'ud. It has also been said that it is from him through Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I said to Muhammad bin al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him): You yourself informed me, from Abu Yusuf, from Ata' bin al-Sa'ib, from Abu al-Bakhtari, that some cousins of Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) came to a valley and did something to a man's camels by which they cut off the milk of his camels and killed their young. The man came to Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), and Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) was with him. He accepted the judgement of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who ruled that he be given, in his valley, camels like his camels and young ones like his young ones, and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) enforced that. So it is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that he judged an animal to be owed as a debt for an animal like it, because when he gave that judgement in Madinah and had it delivered in the man's valley, it was a debt. And you add to this that it is narrated from Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) that he held the same view. And you narrate from al-Mas'udi, from al-Qasim bin Abd al-Rahman, that a salam was made for Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) in some young slaves, one of whom was our freed slave Abu Ziyadah or Abu Za'idah. And you narrate from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he permitted the salam in animals, and (the same) from another man among the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
The Shaykh says: It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he mentioned, among the categories of usury, making a salam in an animal of a specified age. This is narrated from al-Qasim bin Abd al-Rahman, that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said it; and this is munqati' (broken).
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) says: By the report narrated from Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) with a broken chain concerning the dislike, al-Shafi'i means the report of Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him). As for the report of Sa'id bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) from Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), it is also munqati' (broken), since Sa'id bin Jubayr did not meet Ibn Mas'ud. It has also been said that it is from him through Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I said to Muhammad bin al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him): You yourself informed me, from Abu Yusuf, from Ata' bin al-Sa'ib, from Abu al-Bakhtari, that some cousins of Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) came to a valley and did something to a man's camels by which they cut off the milk of his camels and killed their young. The man came to Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), and Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) was with him. He accepted the judgement of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who ruled that he be given, in his valley, camels like his camels and young ones like his young ones, and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) enforced that. So it is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that he judged an animal to be owed as a debt for an animal like it, because when he gave that judgement in Madinah and had it delivered in the man's valley, it was a debt. And you add to this that it is narrated from Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) that he held the same view. And you narrate from al-Mas'udi, from al-Qasim bin Abd al-Rahman, that a salam was made for Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) in some young slaves, one of whom was our freed slave Abu Ziyadah or Abu Za'idah. And you narrate from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he permitted the salam in animals, and (the same) from another man among the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
The Shaykh says: It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he mentioned, among the categories of usury, making a salam in an animal of a specified age. This is narrated from al-Qasim bin Abd al-Rahman, that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said it; and this is munqati' (broken).
