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5 Jumada II 1448 AH

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Musnad Abi Ya'la 1597 — During the reign of Yazid bin Mu'awiyah

رَسُولُ قَيْصَرَ
حَدَّثَنَا حَوْثَرَةُ بْنُ أَشْرَسَ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي رَاشِدٍ ، قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ قَيْصَرَ جَارًا لِي زَمَنَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ كِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَى قَيْصَرَ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَرْسَلَ دِحْيَةَ الْكَلْبِيَّ إِلَى قَيْصَرَ ، وَكَتَبَ مَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ كِتَابًا يُخَيِّرُهُ بَيْنَ إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ : إِمَّا أَنْ يُسْلِمَ وَلَهُ مَا فِي يَدَيْهِ مِنْ مُلْكِهِ ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ الْخَرَاجَ ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَأْذَنَ بِحَرْبٍ .
قَالَ : فَجَمَعَ قَيْصَرُ بَطَارِقَتَهُ وَقِسِّيِسِيهِ فِي قَصْرِهِ ، وَأَغْلَقَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَابَ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ يُخَيِّرُنِي بَيْنَ إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ : إِمَّا أَنْ أُسْلِمَ وَلِي مَا فِي يَدِي مِنْ مُلْكِي ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ أُؤَدِّيَ الْخَرَاجَ ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ آذَنَ بِحَرْبٍ ، وَقَدْ تَجِدُونَ فِيمَا تَقَرْءُونَ مِنْ كُتُبِكُمْ أَنَّهُ سَيَمْلِكُ مَا تَحْتَ قَدَمَيَّ مِنْ مُلْكِي ، فَنَخَرُوا نَخْرَةً حَتَّى إِنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ خَرَجُوا مِنْ بَرَانِسِهِمْ ، وَقَالُوا : تُرْسِلُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ ، جَاءَ فِي بُرْدَيْهِ وَنَعْلَيْهِ بِالْخَرَاجِ ؟ فَقَالَ : اسْكُتُوا إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَعْلَمَ تَمَسُّكَكُمْ بِدِينِكُمْ وَرَغْبَتَكُمْ فِيهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : ابْتَغُوا لِي رَجُلًا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ ، فَجَاءُوا بِي ، فَكَتَبَ مَعِي إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كِتَابًا ، وَقَالَ لِي : انْظُرْ مَا سَقَطَ عَنْكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ، فَلَا يَسْقُطْ عِنْدَ ذِكْرِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهُوَ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ ، وَهُمْ مُحْتَبُونَ بِحَمَائِلِ سُيُوفِهِمْ حَوْلَ بِئْرِ تَبُوكَ ، فَقُلْتُ : أَيُّكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ ؟ فَأَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ ، فَدَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ ، فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ ، فَقُلْتُ : مَنْ هَذَا ؟ فَقَالُوا : مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ، فَقَرَأَهُ فَإِذَا فِيهِ : كَتَبْتَ تَدْعُونِي إِلَى جَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ ، فَأَيْنَ النَّارُ إِذًا ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : يَا سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ، إِذَا جَاءَ اللَّيْلُ فَأَيْنَ النَّهَارُ ؟ فَكَتَبْتُهُ عَنْدِي ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : إِنَّكَ رَسُولُ قَوْمٍ ، فَإِنَّ لَكَ حَقًّا ، وَلَكِنْ جِئْتَنَا وَنَحْنُ مُرْمِلُونَ ، قَالَ عُثْمَانُ : أَكْسُوهُ حُلَّةً صَفُورِيَّةً ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ : عَلَيَّ ضِيَافَتُهُ .
وَقَالَ لِي قَيْصَرُ فِيمَا قَالَ : انْظُرْ إِلَى ظَهْرِهِ ، فَرَأَى رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنِّي أُرِيدُ النَّظَرَ إِلَى ظَهْرِهِ ، فَأَلْقَى ثَوْبَهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ ، فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى الْخَاتَمِ فِي نُغَصِ الْكَتِفِ ، فَأَقْبَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ أُقَبِّلُهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : إِنِّي كَتَبْتُ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ فَأَحْرَقَ كِتَابِي ، وَاللهُ مُحْرِقُهُ ، وَكَتَبْتُ إِلَى كِسْرَى عَظِيمِ فَارِسَ ، فَمَزَّقَ كِتَابِي ، وَاللهُ مُمَزِّقُهُ ، وَكَتَبْتُ إِلَى قَيْصَرَ فَرَفَعَ كِتَابِي ، فَلَا يَزَالُ النَّاسُ - ذَكَرَ كَلِمَةً - مَا كَانَ فِي الْعَيْشِ خَيْرٌ .
Sa'id bin Abi Rashid (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: During the reign of Yazid bin Mu'awiyah, the envoy of Caesar (the Byzantine emperor) was my neighbour. I said to him: "Tell me about the letter that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent to Caesar." He said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Dihyah al-Kalbi (may Allah be pleased with him) to Caesar and sent a letter with him, in which he was told to choose one of three things: either he accept Islam, and the kingdom in his possession would remain his; or he pay the jizyah; or else prepare for war. Caesar gathered his generals and priests in his palace, shut the door on them and said: "Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has written to me giving me the choice of three things: either I accept Islam and my kingdom remains with me, or I pay the jizyah, or else I declare war; and you read in your books that he (the Prophet) will become master even of this land of mine that is beneath my feet." On hearing this they snorted in disgust so much that some of them, in rage, came out of their hooded cloaks, and said: "Will you send the jizyah to this Arab man who has come (simply) in his two sheets and his sandals?" Caesar said: "Be quiet! My aim was only to test your firmness in your religion and your attachment to it." Then he said: "Find me an Arab man." So they brought me, and he wrote a letter to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) through me and said to me: "Whatever of his words you forget, let it be forgotten, but never forget the mention of the night and the day." I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); he (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting at that time with his Companions by the well of Tabuk, and they were sitting with their knees drawn up, bound with the straps of their swords around them. I asked: "Which of you is Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) pointed to himself with his blessed hand. I handed him (peace and blessings be upon him) the letter, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the letter to a man sitting by his side. I asked: "Who is this?" The people said: "This is Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him)." He read the letter, and in it was written (from Caesar): "You have invited me to a Paradise whose width is (that of) the heavens and the earth; then where is the Fire?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Ya Subhan Allah (Glory be to Allah)! When the night comes, where is the day?" I wrote this down for myself. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You are the envoy of a people, and you have a right; but you have come to us at a time when we have run out of provisions (on the journey)." Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will clothe him with a Safuri suit (of clothes)," and a man of the Ansar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "His hospitality is my responsibility." Caesar had also said to me: "Look at his back." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) perceived that I wanted to look at his blessed back, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) removed the cloth from his back, and I saw the Seal of Prophethood near the top of the shoulder bone; so I leaned towards him and began kissing it. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I wrote to the Negus and he burned my letter; Allah will burn him. I wrote to Chosroes, the great king of Persia, and he tore up my letter; Allah will tear him to pieces. And I wrote to Caesar and he kept my letter safe, so the people will continue (here the narrator mentioned a word) as long as there is any good left in life."
Hadith Reference مسند أبي يعلى الموصلي / رسول قيصر / 1597
Hadith Grading محدثین: رجاله ثقات
Hadith Takhrij «حکم الحدیث مسند ابی یعلی محققاً تنسیق حسين سليم أسد - مکتبہ شاملہ :قال حسين سليم أسد: رجاله ثقات . »
«قال سعيد بن محمد السناري: ضعيف»
«أخرجه أحمد [3/ 441]، وابنه في "زوائد المسند" [4/ 74، 75]، و، مسند ابویعلیٰ ترقیم الاثری: 1594»

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